Table 2 The checklist of implementation conditions for interventions and policies aiming at nutrition behavior, sedentary behavior, and physical activity change

Implementation domain: Reach

1a

 Resources/strategies for implementers helping them to invite and follow-up participants

2a

 Awareness raising (strategies to raise awareness of dietary behavior, physical activity, sedentary behaviors, as well as interventions and policies) to help implementers to invite participants

3a

 Incentives to participate

4b

 General attrition rates^a

5b

 Participation levels, i.e., percent of those agreeing among eligible participants^a

6b

 Representativeness of attrition and dropout^a

7b

 Differential attrition across the program conditions/types^a

8c

 Enhancing cultural competences of intervention/policy (creating culturally sensitive versions of materials)

Implementation domain: Efficacy

9d

 Participants’ satisfaction with implementation^a

10e

 Feasibility of implementation and acceptability of implementation among providers, stakeholders, and participants^a

11e

 Acceptability of the program among participants (e.g., acceptability of the group size, the type of participants, interventionists’ skills)^a

12f

 Evaluation and monitoring results are disseminated to communities, stakeholders, and nationally

13f

 Difficulty/a lack of opportunity to assess the impact of one policy separately from ancillary policies/interventions due to the increasing complexity of policies/legislations^c,a

Implementation domain: Adoption

14g

 Training for implementers and disseminators (e.g. training, certifıcates, workshops, training instructions)

15g

 Training instructions/materials for implementers

16g

 Regular meetings or supervision for staff to secure implementation

17h

 No additional expertise required for staff involved in implementation

18h

 Implementers’ skill, knowledge, and competence to implement the program correctly

19i

 Collaboration between implementers; the use of methods to increase communication between implementers

20i

 Key political and stakeholders’ support for implementation (stakeholders identified and involved)

21i

 Cross-sectorial collaboration: collaboration between sectors of health, sports, food, transportation, planning and housing, green spaces, education, healthcare, and social services

22i

 Involvement of multiple stakeholders at multiple levels

23i

 Collaboration with professionals and organizations for program implementation

24i

 Effective leadership to secure collaboration (between facilitators, institutions, and organizations involved)

25i

 Synergy with other existing or operating programs

26i

 Securing food industry involvement/preventing and counteracting food industry resistance^c

27j

 Securing the involvement of local community in implementation

28j

 Community organizations support adoption

29j

 Building relationships/networks for implementation (between implementing organizations and community organizations)

30k

 Maintenance or development of built and natural environment to enable policies implementation

31k

 Supportive physical environment in the community promotes implementation and adoption

32l

 Federal (national) government co-issues the program or is involved in program issuing

33l

 Legal basis/secured legal support for implementation and maintenance (e.g. fiscal, liability instruments, market environment laws)^c

34l

 Accounting for legal instruments to support implementation (existing legal instruments supporting implementation, changes in law, and legal burden for businesses)^c

35l

 Politicians’ collaboration (negotiation with and influencing politicians and policy makers)^c

36l

 Involvement of a local government and accounting for regional regulations

37l

 Accounting for conflicting policies in adoption process^c,a

Implementation domain: Consistency, cost, and adaptations in implementation

38m

 Simplicity of communicating the program (not too complex, not too difficult to follow)

39m

 Complexities of existing policies and their interrelations as barriers to implementation^c,a

40n

 Increasing accessibility to environmental structures

41n

 Financially accessible programs (low-cost, high affordability)

42n

 Barriers for accessibility in physical environment (e.g., architectural solutions as barriers to exercise; a lack of stairs)^a

43o

 Lack of time in the community involved in implementation^a

44o

 Time for implementation: assessment of time needed for implementation conducted and adequate time secured

45o

 Limited time in curriculum to add new program in respective setting (e.g., schools)

46p

 Fidelity of the program (in reference to the content and the dose of the program)

47p

 Degree to which intervention is delivered as intended (compared to the protocol)^b

48p

 Assessment of fidelity of delivery^b,a

49q

 Use of implementation theory for implementation practice

50q

 Use of RE-AIM framework for identification, appraisal, and synthesis of material

51r

 Culture-sensitive implementation, addressing the needs of diverse population in their community context (social, cultural, economic, and political)

52s

 Costs of implementation analyzed (e.g., analysis of costs to deliver per person)

53s

 Funding/resources for implementation secured and provided

54s

 Lack of/limited funding for implementation^a

55s

 Cost targets: low (feasible) costs of implementation, cheap resources, and affordable across settings

56s

 Securing funds for long-term maintenance (e.g., through national government funds)

57t

 Lack of resources for implementation in organizations involved in delivery^a

58t

 Lack of resources for implementation (from sources other than organizations involved)^a

59u

 Extent to which protocol was delivered as intended/protocol adherence

60u

 Consistency of delivery and evaluation/monitoring of consistency

61u

 Identifying the essential amount of time/number of sessions required to deliver the program

62u

 Mass media involved in delivery and dissemination

63u

 Involving any available staff into the program delivery^b

64u

 Clear identification of roles and responsibilities in implementation processes

65u

 Delivery through various professional groups, lay health advisors, and users

66u

 Pilots: testing new and existing materials before delivering to the target population

67v

 Organizational practices supporting implementation, management participation in implementation

68v

 Aims and existing polices within the organization are accounted for (does the program fit into organizational aims and existing policies?)

69w

 Deep-structure adaptations (e.g., deep cultural and ethnic adaptations to participants, consultations with community advisors on cultural adaptations, consultation with participants)

70w

 Customization of the program (to target population and local conditions)

71w

 Potential adaptations to enhance the fıt within community contexts

72w

 Assessment of adaptations of the intervention/policy made during delivery^a

73w

 Adoption to settings^a

74w

 Plans for implementation

75w

 Plans for monitoring and plans for evaluation (how to increase data availability and of high quality?)

76w

 Process monitoring and evaluation

77w

 Monitoring and assessment of adherence to implementation protocol/protocol fidelity

78x

 Implementers’ expectations regarding the program and perceived control of the program^a

79x

 Levels of engagement/involvement and awareness of implementers

80x

 Support needed (perceived by implementers)^a

Implementation domain: Maintenance

81z

 Institutionalization of the program content and its implementation (e.g., the integration into existing institutional programs)

82z

 Strategies to promote long-term participation (maintenance) included

83z

 Building capacity to secure maintenance (training and support in organization, aiming at promotion of maintenance)