| Belgium (N = 17/35) | Austria (N = 28/28) | Denmark (N = 29/50) | Italy (N = 35/205) | P * |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Information-Education-Communication | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Â |
• Availability of Information/education at entry or during prison stay | 15 (88.2) | 28 (100.0) | 3 (10.3) | 13 (37.1) | <10 −3 |
• Peer education programs available | 4 (23.5) | 2 (7.1) | 4 (13.8) | 1 (2.9) | 0.07 |
• Availability of clean injecting equipment + condoms | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
Testing – Counseling | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
• Testing for HIV, HBV, HCV systematically proposed at entry (RC) and during prison stay (all prisons) | 3 (17.7) | 11 (39.3) | 8 (27.6) | 35 (100.0) | <10 −3 |
• Availability of clean injecting equipment + condoms | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |  |
Condoms - Lubricants | 9 (52.9) | 8 (28.6) | 2 (6.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.002 Å‚ |
• Condoms available in various locations | 12 (70.6) | 14 (50.0) | 14 (48.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.29 ł |
• Water-based lubricants available | 13 (76.5) | 23 (82.1) | 6 (20.7) | 0 (0.0) | <10-3 ł |
• Male condoms and lubricants accessible and female condoms accessible for prisons with female prisoners | 14 (82.4) | 14 (50.0) | 13 (44.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.04 ł |
Opioid Substitution Therapy | 4 (23.5) | 6 (21.4) | 7 (24.1) | 5 (14.3) | 0.66 |
• Induction at entry (RC) + induction during prison stay + continuity of OST at entry (all prisons) | 11 (64.7) | 20 (71.4) | 24 (82.8) | 12 (34.3) | 0.0001 |
• No ceiling dosage | 8 (47.1) | 15 (53.6) | 19 (65.5) | 30 (85.7) | 0.05 |
• No buprenorphine crushing or dilution | 15 (88.2) | 17 (60.7) | 11 (37.9) | 17 (48.6) | 0.002 |
Bleach | 0 (0.0) | 11 (39.3) | 11 (37.9) | 0 (0.0) | <10 −3 |
• At least 2 locations/access for bleach inside prison (penitentiary distribution, purchasable inside prison, available in medical unit) | 0 (0.0) | 20 (71.4) | 17 (58.6) | 0 (0.0) | <10 −3 |
• Intelligible information for HR purposes accessible to all prisoners | 4 (23.5) | 13 (46.4) | 12 (41.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.30 ł |
HBV Vaccination (systematic proposal for unprotected inmates) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (14.3) | 3 (10.3) | 18 (51.4) | <10 −3 |
Post-Exposition Prophylaxis (inmates informed of the availability of PEP) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (39.3) | 1 (3.5) | 27 (77.1) | <10 −3 |
Needle Exchange Programs | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Â |
ARV treatment | 14 (82.4) | 27 (96.4) | 29 (100.0) | 33 (94.3) | 0.11 |
• ARV are accessible | 17 (100.0) | 27 (100.0) | 29 (100.00) | 33 (89.2) | 0.24 |
• Prescriptions follow national guidelines | 14 (82.4) | 27 (96.4) | 29 (100.0) | 33 (94.3) | 0.11 |
Prevention of transmission through tattooing, piercing | 2 (11.8) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (17.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.01 |
Total score, median (Q1-Q3) | 4.0 (3.5-4.5) | 4.5 (3–6.5) | 4.0 (3.0-4.5) | 3.5 (2.5-4) | 0.0014 |