Overall
|
0.78
|
0.93
|
0.44
|
0.73
|
0.33
|
0.60
|
0.44
|
0.73
|
(0.56–0.89)
|
(0.80–1.00)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.53–0.87)
|
(0.11–0.44)
|
(0.40–0.80)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.60–0.87)
|
Duration of TV viewinga
|
<3 h (n = 211)
|
0.67
|
0.93
|
0.33
|
0.67
|
0.33
|
0.60
|
0.33
|
0.67
|
(0.56–0.89)
|
(0.80–1.00)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.47–0.80)
|
(0.11–0.44)
|
(0.40–0.73)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.53–0.80)
|
≥3 h (n = 191)
|
0.78
|
1.00
|
0.44
|
0.80
|
0.33
|
0.67
|
0.44
|
0.80
|
(0.56–0.89)
|
(0.87–1.00)
|
(0.33–0.67)
|
(0.60–0.93)
|
(0.22–0.44)
|
(0.47–0.80)
|
(0.33–0.56)
|
(0.67–0.87)
|
Gender
|
Boys (n = 174)
|
0.67
|
0.93
|
0.33
|
0.73
|
0.33
|
0.63
|
0.44
|
0.73
|
(0.44–0.89)
|
(0.85–1.00)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.58–0.87)
|
(0.19–0.44)
|
(0.40–0.80)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.60–0.87)
|
Girls (n = 228)
|
0.78
|
0.93
|
0.44
|
0.73
|
0.33
|
0.60
|
0.44
|
0.67
|
(0.56–0.89)
|
(0.80–1.00)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.53–0.87)
|
(0.11–0.44)
|
(0.40–0.73)
|
(0.22–0.55)
|
(0.55–0.80)
|
Ethnic
|
Malay (n = 154)
|
0.89
|
1.00
|
0.44
|
0.80
|
0.33
|
0.67
|
0.44
|
0.80
|
(0.67–1.00)
|
(0.93–1.00)
|
(0.33–0.67)
|
(0.60–0.93)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.47–0.80)
|
(0.33–0.67)
|
(0.60–0.93)
|
Chinese (n = 125)
|
0.67
|
0.93
|
0.33
|
0.67
|
0.22
|
0.53
|
0.33
|
0.67
|
(0.56–0.89)
|
(0.80–1.00)
|
(0.11–0.44)
|
(0.47–0.80)
|
(0.11–0.44)
|
(0.36–0.70)
|
(0.22–0.44)
|
(0.53–0.80)
|
Indian (n = 123)
|
0.56
|
0.80
|
0.44
|
0.73
|
0.22
|
0.60
|
0.33
|
0.67
|
(0.33–0.78)
|
(0.73–1.00)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.60–0.87)
|
(0.11–0.44)
|
(0.40–0.73)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.60–0.80)
|
Age
|
Younger children (n = 136)
|
0.67
|
0.93
|
0.44
|
0.73
|
0.33
|
0.67
|
0.44
|
0.73
|
(0.47–0.89)
|
(0.80–1.00)
|
(0.22–0.67)
|
(0.60–0.93)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.47–0.80)
|
(0.25–0.67)
|
(0.60–0.87)
|
Older children (n = 266)
|
0.78
|
0.93
|
0.33
|
0.73
|
0.33
|
0.60
|
0.44
|
0.73
|
(0.56–0.89)
|
(0.80–1.00)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.53–0.87)
|
(0.11–0.44)
|
(0.40–0.73)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.58–0.87)
|
Body Mass Index, BMI
|
Severely wasted and wasted (n = 44)
|
0.78
|
0.93
|
0.33
|
0.73
|
0.33
|
0.53
|
0.33
|
0.67
|
(0.56–0.89)
|
(0.87–1.00)
|
(0.25–0.56)
|
(0.53–0.80)
|
(0.22–0.44)
|
(0.40–0.73)
|
(0.33–0.56)
|
(0.55–0.85)
|
Normal (n = 219)
|
0.78
|
0.93
|
0.44
|
0.73
|
0.33
|
0.60
|
0.44
|
0.73
|
(0.56–0.89)
|
(0.87–1.00)
|
(0.22–0.67)
|
(0.53–0.93)
|
(0.11–0.44)
|
(0.47–0.80)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.60–0.87)
|
Possible risk of overweight (n = 63)
|
0.78
|
0.93
|
0.33
|
0.73
|
0.22
|
0.53
|
0.44
|
0.80
|
(0.56–0.89)
|
(0.80–1.00)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.53–0.87)
|
(0.11–0.33)
|
(0.40–0.80)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.60–0.87)
|
Overweight and obese (n = 76)
|
0.72
|
0.93
|
0.33
|
0.73
|
0.33
|
0.60
|
0.44
|
0.70
|
(0.44–0.89)
|
(0.75–1.00)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.53–0.80)
|
(0.22–0.53)
|
(0.40–0.73)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.53–0.80)
|
TV Set in Bedroom
|
No TV in bedroom (n = 318)
|
0.78
|
0.93
|
0.44
|
0.73
|
0.33
|
0.60
|
0.44
|
0.73
|
(0.56–0.89)
|
(0.80–1.00)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.53–0.87)
|
(0.11–0.44)
|
(0.40–0.80)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.60–0.87)
|
TV in bedroom (n = 84)
|
0.78
|
1.00
|
0.44
|
0.73
|
0.33
|
0.63
|
0.39
|
0.39
|
(0.56–0.89)
|
(0.87–1.00)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.60–0.87)
|
(0.22–0.44)
|
(0.40–0.80)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.53–0.85)
|
Physical Activity Level (PAL)a
|
PAL ≤1 h (n = 246)
|
0.67
|
0.93
|
0.39
|
0.73
|
0.33
|
0.60
|
0.44
|
0.73
|
(0.44–0.89)
|
(0.87–1.00)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.53–0.87)
|
(0.11–0.44)
|
(0.40–0.80)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.60–0.87)
|
PAL >1 h (n = 156)
|
0.78
|
0.93
|
0.44
|
0.70
|
0.33
|
0.60
|
0.44
|
0.73
|
(0.56–0.89)
|
(0.87–1.00)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.53–0.87)
|
(0.22–0.44)
|
(0.40–0.80)
|
(0.33–0.56)
|
(0.55–0.87)
|
Pocket Moneya
|
RM 2.50 and less or ≤ USD 0.80 per day (n = 175)
|
0.67
|
0.93
|
0.44
|
0.73
|
0.33
|
0.60
|
0.44
|
0.73
|
(0.56–0.89)
|
(0.80–1.00)
|
(0.22–0.67)
|
(0.53–0.87)
|
(0.11–0.44)
|
(0.40–0.73)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.60–0.87)
|
More than RM 2.50 or > USD 0.80 per day (n = 227)
|
0.78
|
0.93
|
0.33
|
0.73
|
0.33
|
0.60
|
0.44
|
0.73
|
(0.56–0.89)
|
(0.87–1.00)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.53–0.87)
|
(0.22–0.44)
|
(0.40–0.80)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.60–0.87)
|
Internet Surfing Time (ST)a
|
ST ≤30 min (n = 220)
|
0.67
|
0.93
|
0.33
|
0.73
|
0.22
|
0.60
|
0.44
|
0.73
|
(0.44–0.89)
|
(0.80–1.00)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.53–0.87)
|
(0.11–0.44)
|
(0.40–0.78)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.60–0.87)
|
ST >30 min (n = 182)
|
0.78
|
0.93
|
0.44
|
0.73
|
0.33
|
0.60
|
0.44
|
0.73
|
(0.56–1.00)
|
(0.87–1.00)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.53–0.87)
|
(0.22–0.44)
|
(0.40–0.80)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.53–0.87)
|
Household Income
|
Low [≤RM 2300 or ≤ USD 720 per month] (n = 190)
|
0.78
|
0.93
|
0.44
|
0.73
|
0.33
|
0.60
|
0.44
|
0.73
|
(0.56–0.89)
|
(0.80–1.00)
|
(0.22–0.67)
|
(0.53–0.87)
|
(0.11–0.47)
|
(0.40–0.80)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.60–0.87)
|
Medium and high [>RM2300 or > USD 720 per month] (n = 212)
|
0.78
|
0.93
|
0.33
|
0.73
|
0.33
|
0.60
|
0.39
|
0.67
|
(0.56–0.89)
|
(0.87–1.00)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.53–0.87)
|
(0.11–0.44)
|
(0.42–0.80)
|
(0.22–0.56)
|
(0.60–0.87)
|