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Table 3 Proportion of induction factors’ score as per food advertisement categories

From: Reading the mind of children in response to food advertising: a cross-sectional study of Malaysian schoolchildren’s attitudes towards food and beverages advertising on television

Influencing factors

Advertisement Recognition

Favourite Advertisement

Purchase Request

Product Preference

Core

Non-core

Core

Non-core

Core

Non-core

Core

Non-core

M (IQR)

M (IQR)

M (IQR)

M (IQR)

M (IQR)

M (IQR)

M (IQR)

M (IQR)

Overall

0.78

0.93

0.44

0.73

0.33

0.60

0.44

0.73

(0.56–0.89)

(0.80–1.00)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.53–0.87)

(0.11–0.44)

(0.40–0.80)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.60–0.87)

Duration of TV viewinga

 <3 h (n = 211)

0.67

0.93

0.33

0.67

0.33

0.60

0.33

0.67

(0.56–0.89)

(0.80–1.00)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.47–0.80)

(0.11–0.44)

(0.40–0.73)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.53–0.80)

 ≥3 h (n = 191)

0.78

1.00

0.44

0.80

0.33

0.67

0.44

0.80

(0.56–0.89)

(0.87–1.00)

(0.33–0.67)

(0.60–0.93)

(0.22–0.44)

(0.47–0.80)

(0.33–0.56)

(0.67–0.87)

Gender

 Boys (n = 174)

0.67

0.93

0.33

0.73

0.33

0.63

0.44

0.73

(0.44–0.89)

(0.85–1.00)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.58–0.87)

(0.19–0.44)

(0.40–0.80)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.60–0.87)

 Girls (n = 228)

0.78

0.93

0.44

0.73

0.33

0.60

0.44

0.67

(0.56–0.89)

(0.80–1.00)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.53–0.87)

(0.11–0.44)

(0.40–0.73)

(0.22–0.55)

(0.55–0.80)

Ethnic

 Malay (n = 154)

0.89

1.00

0.44

0.80

0.33

0.67

0.44

0.80

(0.67–1.00)

(0.93–1.00)

(0.33–0.67)

(0.60–0.93)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.47–0.80)

(0.33–0.67)

(0.60–0.93)

 Chinese (n = 125)

0.67

0.93

0.33

0.67

0.22

0.53

0.33

0.67

(0.56–0.89)

(0.80–1.00)

(0.11–0.44)

(0.47–0.80)

(0.11–0.44)

(0.36–0.70)

(0.22–0.44)

(0.53–0.80)

 Indian (n = 123)

0.56

0.80

0.44

0.73

0.22

0.60

0.33

0.67

(0.33–0.78)

(0.73–1.00)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.60–0.87)

(0.11–0.44)

(0.40–0.73)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.60–0.80)

Age

 Younger children (n = 136)

0.67

0.93

0.44

0.73

0.33

0.67

0.44

0.73

(0.47–0.89)

(0.80–1.00)

(0.22–0.67)

(0.60–0.93)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.47–0.80)

(0.25–0.67)

(0.60–0.87)

 Older children (n = 266)

0.78

0.93

0.33

0.73

0.33

0.60

0.44

0.73

(0.56–0.89)

(0.80–1.00)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.53–0.87)

(0.11–0.44)

(0.40–0.73)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.58–0.87)

Body Mass Index, BMI

 Severely wasted and wasted (n = 44)

0.78

0.93

0.33

0.73

0.33

0.53

0.33

0.67

(0.56–0.89)

(0.87–1.00)

(0.25–0.56)

(0.53–0.80)

(0.22–0.44)

(0.40–0.73)

(0.33–0.56)

(0.55–0.85)

 Normal (n = 219)

0.78

0.93

0.44

0.73

0.33

0.60

0.44

0.73

(0.56–0.89)

(0.87–1.00)

(0.22–0.67)

(0.53–0.93)

(0.11–0.44)

(0.47–0.80)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.60–0.87)

 Possible risk of overweight (n = 63)

0.78

0.93

0.33

0.73

0.22

0.53

0.44

0.80

(0.56–0.89)

(0.80–1.00)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.53–0.87)

(0.11–0.33)

(0.40–0.80)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.60–0.87)

 Overweight and obese (n = 76)

0.72

0.93

0.33

0.73

0.33

0.60

0.44

0.70

(0.44–0.89)

(0.75–1.00)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.53–0.80)

(0.22–0.53)

(0.40–0.73)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.53–0.80)

TV Set in Bedroom

 No TV in bedroom (n = 318)

0.78

0.93

0.44

0.73

0.33

0.60

0.44

0.73

(0.56–0.89)

(0.80–1.00)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.53–0.87)

(0.11–0.44)

(0.40–0.80)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.60–0.87)

 TV in bedroom (n = 84)

0.78

1.00

0.44

0.73

0.33

0.63

0.39

0.39

(0.56–0.89)

(0.87–1.00)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.60–0.87)

(0.22–0.44)

(0.40–0.80)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.53–0.85)

Physical Activity Level (PAL)a

 PAL ≤1 h (n = 246)

0.67

0.93

0.39

0.73

0.33

0.60

0.44

0.73

(0.44–0.89)

(0.87–1.00)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.53–0.87)

(0.11–0.44)

(0.40–0.80)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.60–0.87)

 PAL >1 h (n = 156)

0.78

0.93

0.44

0.70

0.33

0.60

0.44

0.73

(0.56–0.89)

(0.87–1.00)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.53–0.87)

(0.22–0.44)

(0.40–0.80)

(0.33–0.56)

(0.55–0.87)

Pocket Moneya

 RM 2.50 and less or ≤ USD 0.80 per day (n = 175)

0.67

0.93

0.44

0.73

0.33

0.60

0.44

0.73

(0.56–0.89)

(0.80–1.00)

(0.22–0.67)

(0.53–0.87)

(0.11–0.44)

(0.40–0.73)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.60–0.87)

 More than RM 2.50 or > USD 0.80 per day (n = 227)

0.78

0.93

0.33

0.73

0.33

0.60

0.44

0.73

(0.56–0.89)

(0.87–1.00)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.53–0.87)

(0.22–0.44)

(0.40–0.80)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.60–0.87)

Internet Surfing Time (ST)a

 ST ≤30 min (n = 220)

0.67

0.93

0.33

0.73

0.22

0.60

0.44

0.73

(0.44–0.89)

(0.80–1.00)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.53–0.87)

(0.11–0.44)

(0.40–0.78)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.60–0.87)

 ST >30 min (n = 182)

0.78

0.93

0.44

0.73

0.33

0.60

0.44

0.73

(0.56–1.00)

(0.87–1.00)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.53–0.87)

(0.22–0.44)

(0.40–0.80)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.53–0.87)

Household Income

 Low [≤RM 2300 or ≤ USD 720 per month] (n = 190)

0.78

0.93

0.44

0.73

0.33

0.60

0.44

0.73

(0.56–0.89)

(0.80–1.00)

(0.22–0.67)

(0.53–0.87)

(0.11–0.47)

(0.40–0.80)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.60–0.87)

 Medium and high [>RM2300 or > USD 720 per month] (n = 212)

0.78

0.93

0.33

0.73

0.33

0.60

0.39

0.67

(0.56–0.89)

(0.87–1.00)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.53–0.87)

(0.11–0.44)

(0.42–0.80)

(0.22–0.56)

(0.60–0.87)

  1. M = median, IQR = interquartile range, core = core foods, non-core = non-core foods
  2. Note: Core foods are defined as low-calorie, nutrient-dense food products, while non-core foods are foods high in fat, refined sugars, and salt (HFSS) [33]
  3. aCategorisation for influencing factors was based on median of subjects
  4. *Significance for core to non-core food in each induction factor comparison were recorded as p < 0.001
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