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Table 2 Detailed causes of death among deaths from external causes, Karonga District Malawi, 2002–12

From: Patterns and risk factors for deaths from external causes in rural Malawi over 10 years: a prospective population-based study

Cause of death

Children (<15 years)

Adult Males (≥15 years)

Adult females (≥15 years)

Overall

 

Deaths

Ratea (95 % CIb)

Deaths

Ratea (95 % CIb)

Deaths

Ratea (95 % CIb)

Deaths (%)

Ratea (95 % CIb)

Unintentional

        

Road injury

4

2.6 (1.0–7.0)

19

24.9 (15.9–40.0)

3

3.4 (1.1–1.7)

26 (18.2)

8.2 (5.6–12.1)

Drowning

14

9.2 (5.5–15.6)

12d

15.7 (8.9–27.7)

1d

1.1 (0.2–8.1)

27e(18.9)

8.6 (5.9–12.4)

Falls

3

2.0 (0.6–6.1)

2

2.6 (0.7–10.5)

5

5.7 (2.4–13.8)

10 (7.1)

3.2 (1.7–5.9)

Fire

3f

2.0 (0.6–6.1)

0

 

0

 

3f(2.1)

1.0 (0.3–2.9)

Alcohol poisoning

0

 

13

17.0 (9.9–29.3)

0

 

13 (9.1)

4.1 (2.4–7.1)

Other poisoning

4

2.6 (1.0–7.0)

0

 

0

 

4 (2.8)

1.3 (0.5–3.4)

Unspecifiable

1

0.7 (0.1–4.7)

0

 

0

 

1 (0.7)

0.3 (0.04–2.2)

Otherc

14

9.2 (5.5–15.6)

3

3.9 (1.3–12.2)

2

2.3 (0.6–9.2)

19 (13.2)

6.0 (3.8–9.4)

Intentional

        

Assault

1

0.7 (0.1–4.7)

8

10.5 (5.2–20.9)

1

1.1 (0.2–8.1)

10 (7.0)

3.2 (1.7–5.9)

Suicide–hanging

0

 

13

17.0 (9.9–29.3)

2

2.3 (0.6–8.1)

15 (10.5)

4.7 (2.9–7.9)

Suicide–poison

0

 

4

5.2 (2.0–13.9)

3

3.4 (1.1–10.7)

7 (4.9)

2.2 (1.1–4.7)

Unknown intent

3g

2.0 (0.6–6.1)

3

3.9 (1.3–12.2)

2

2.3 (0.6–9.2)

8g(5.6)

2.5 (1.3–5.1)

TOTAL

47

30.9 (23.3–41.2)

77

100.7 (80.6–123.0)

19

21.8 (13.9–34.1)

143

45.3 (38.5–53.4)

  1. aRate expressed per 100,000 person-years-at-risk
  2. bCI: Confidence Interval
  3. cIncludes: 6 aspiration; 2 bee/wasp sting; 2 wall collapse; 1 crocodile attack; 1 lightning strike; 1 accidental child strangulation;1 Steven Johnson syndrome; 1 fractured cervical spine; 1 pail falling on them; 1 sudden death; 1 sepsis after knee puncture; 1 blow to head
  4. dTwo men and one woman were known to have epilepsy
  5. eIncludes: 15 in the lake; 5 in rivers/streams; 3 in wells, 1 in a drain; 1 in a basin
  6. fIncludes one child with epilepsy
  7. gIncludes two children found drowned, one of whom was known to have epilepsy