Lifetime co-occurrence of violence victimisation and symptoms of psychological ill health: a cross-sectional study of Swedish male and female clinical and population samples

Table 4 The association between exposure to multiple forms of violence and symptoms of psychological ill-health in the clinical samples (Model 1)

		Women						Men
			Symptoms of psychological ill-health						Symptoms of psychological ill-health
			Few (score =1–6)		Many (score 7–18)		No of forms of violence*		Few (score =1–6)		Many (score 7–18)
			N = 922 (40.3 %)		N =222 (9.7 %)				N = 560 (33.1 %)		N = 125 (7.4 %)
		N	OR	95 % CI	OR	95 % CI		N	OR	95 % CI	OR	95 % CI
Civil state	Partner	1932	1		1			1349	1
	Single	356	1.2	0.9–1.5	1.6	1.1–2.4		341	1.4	1.03–1.8	2.0	1.2–3.1
Education	≥13	873	1		1			539	1
	<12	1415	1.0	0.8– 1.2	1.2	0.8–1.7		1151	1.2	0.97–1.6	1.4	0.9–2.3
Occupation	Employed	1562	1		1			793	1
	Retired, sick-leave social welfare	404	1.4	1.03–1.8	4.3	2.8–6.6		806	1.1	0.8–1.4	2.3	1.4–3.8
	Other	322	1.1	0.8–1.5	1.8	1.1–2.8		91	1.4	0.8–2.4	4.7	2.0–10.9
Agegroup	<29	373	1		1			107	1
	30–39	512	0.8	0.6–1.1	0.9	0.5–1.5		138	0.7	0.4–1.3	2.1	0.7–6.3
	40–49	469	0.8	0.6–1.1	0.9	0.5–1.5		170	1.0	0.5–1.8	4.7	1.6–13.5
	>50	934	0.6	0.5–0.8	0.5	0.3–0.8		1275	0.6	0.4–1.02	1.4	0.5–3.9
Form of violence	No violence	1527	1		1		No violence	1103	1
Form of violence	Emotional	106	2.4	1.5–3.8	10.0	5.4–18.6	One form	418	1.9	1.5–2.4	3.1	1.9–5.0
	Physical	166	1.8	1.3–2.6	4.1	2.3–7.3	≥Two forms	169	5.1	3.4–7.6	19.6	11.3–34.2
	Sexual	129	1.5	1.1–2.3	4.2	2.2–8.0
	Emo + Phys	107	3.2	2.0–5.2	12.8	6.9–24.0
	Emo + Sex	60	7.1	3.3–15.3	26.7	10.8–66.1
	Phys + Sex	54	1.9	1.02–3.5	7.6	3.4–17.1
	Emo + Phys + Sex	139	8.8	4.8–16.1	53.9	27.4–106.0
Model fit:		R² = 0.17 (Cox & Snell), 0.20 (Nagelkerke).						R² = 0.13 (Cox & Snell), 0.15 (Nagelkerke).
Model fit:		Model χ²(28) = 423.69						Model χ²(18) = 228.17

Note: Reference category is “no symptoms of psychological ill-health” (score 0). Emo = Emotional violence, Phys = Physical violence, Sex = Sexual violence. Occupation “other” = Unemployed, student, pregnant or parental leave

ISSN: 1471-2458