Table 4 How group-based physical activity interventions are effective
| Â | Program description | Theory | Strategies | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive effect group-versus-individuals/aggregate effect (n =39) | Intervention Duration | Delivery Staff | Theory | Group Structure |
 16.28 weeks (±14.55 weeks) |  Research assistant (n=2) |  Team-building (n=2) |  Status of group members (n =9) | |
Fidelity to Classes |  Health professional (n=4) |  Social Cognitive Theory (n =13) |  Group roles (n =7) | |
 79.41 % (±10.98) |  Extension agent (n=3) |  Group-mediated Cognitive |  Group norms (n =14) | |
 Not reported (n=23) |  Group exercise leader (n=5) |  Behavioral Model (n=6) | Group Environment | |
Fidelity to Behavioral Components |  Community leader (n=4) |  Social support Framework (n=5) |  Distinctiveness/Team Identity (n =12) | |
 83.01 % (±11.05) |  Onsite coordinator (n=3) |  Goal Setting Theory (n=3) |  Group Size (n =18) | |
 Not reported (n=33) |  Trained peer leader (n=7) |  Transtheoretical Model (n=2) |  Leadership (n =12) | |
Average Total Contact Duration |  Health professional and community leaders (n=1) |  Social Ecological Theory (n=2) |  Proximity (n =17) | |
 65.75 hours (±84.59) |  Research assistant and group exercise leader (n =1) |  Social Determinants of Health (n =9) | Group Processes | |
Type of physical activity prescribed |  |  Other (n =4) |  Group goals (n =12) | |
 Aerobic (n=14) |  Not reported (n =9) |  Single theory (n =11) |  Cooperation (n =4) | |
 Strength Training (n =1) | Contact Type |  Multiple theory (n =7) |  Competition (n =10) | |
 Combination (n=3) |  In-Person (n =21) |  Atheoretical (n =21) |  Interaction and communication (n =25) | |
 Not reported (n =21) |  In-Person plus another mode (n =11) | Targeted Structural Modification |  Social Support (n=22) | |
 Non-In-Person (n =5) |  Social (n=29) | Individual Strategies | ||
 Not specified (n =1) |  Environmental (n=1) |  Goal setting (n=25) | ||
 Both (n=9) |  Action planning (n =11) | |||
 Problem solving (n =12) | ||||
 Self-monitoring (n =22) | ||||
 Feedback (n =3) | ||||
Group-versus-group interventions (n =9) | Intervention Duration | Delivery Staff |  Team-building (n =2) | Group Structure |
 30.00 weeks (±14.283 weeks) |  Research assistant (n =3) |  Social Cognitive Theory (n =3) |  Status of group members (n =1) | |
Average Total Contact Duration |  Health professional (n =1) |  Transtheoretical Model (n =1) |  Group roles (n =3) | |
 17.37 hours (±23.65) |  Group exercise leader (n =1) |  Social Determinants of Health (n =1) |  Group norms (n=3) | |
 Not reported (n=1) |  Trained peer leader (n =3) |  | Group Environment | |
Fidelity to Classes |  Research assistant and Extension agent (n =1) |  Single theory (n =3) |  Distinctiveness/Team Identity (n =3) | |
 66.93 % (±10.98) | Contact Type |  Multiple theory (n =3) |  Group Size (n =3) | |
 Not reported (n=23) |  In-Person (n=4) | |||
Fidelity to Behavioral Components |  In-Person plus another mode (n=2) |  Atheoretical (n =3) |  Leadership (n =5) | |
 Not reported (n=9) |  Non-In-Person (n =0) | Targeted Structural Modification |  Proximity (n =2) | |
Type of physical activity prescribed |  Not specified (n =3) |  Social (n =6) |  Group Processes | |
 Environmental (n =0) |  Group goals (n=4) | |||
 Aerobic (n=4) |  Cooperation (n=1) | |||
 Strength Training (n=1) |  Both (n =3) |  Competition (n=1) | ||
 Not reported (n=4) |  Interaction and communication (n =5) | |||
 Social Support (n =5) | ||||
Individual Strategies | ||||
 Goal setting (n =7) | ||||
 Action planning (n =2) | ||||
 Problem solving (n =4) | ||||
 Feedback (n =3) | ||||
 Self-monitoring (n =3) | ||||
No increase in physical activity (n=4) | Intervention Duration | Delivery Staff |  Social Cognitive Theory (n =2) | Group Structure |
 55.50 weeks (±39.75 weeks) |  Health professional (n=1) |  Transtheoretical Model (n =2) |  Status of group members (n =1) | |
 Group roles (n =1) | ||||
Average Total Contact Duration |  Trained peer leader (n=1) |  Social Ecological Theory (n=1) |  Group norms (n =2) | |
 19.50 hours (±16.97) |  Not reported (n=2) |  Single theory (n=1) | Group Environment | |
 Distinctiveness/Team Identity (n=3) | ||||
Fidelity to Classes | Contact Type |  Multiple theory (n=2) |  Group Size (n =1) | |
 26.50 % (±37.47) |  In-Person (n=4) |  Atheoretical (n=1) |  Leadership (n =3) | |
 Not reported (n=2) | Targeted Structural Modification |  Proximity (n =1) | ||
Fidelity to Behavioral |  Social (n=2) | Group Processes | ||
Components |  Environmental (n=1) |  Interaction and communication (n =3) | ||
 62.50 % (±10.67) |  Both (n=1) |  Social Support (n =2) | ||
 Not reported (n=2) | Individual Strategies | |||
Type of physical activity prescribed |  Goal setting (n =2) | |||
 Aerobic and strength training (n=1) |  Problem solving (n =1) | |||
 Not reported (n=3) |  Self-monitoring (n =2) | |||