Table 3 HRQOL scores in frequency distributions of socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle behaviors in northeast China

Gender

 Male

86.33

85.25

84.93

68.99

74.59

94.43

85.69

71.17

50.45

49.93

(17.66)

(19.30)

(16.23)

(19.16)

(16.8)

(20.91)

(20.41)

(17.87)

(7.77)

(9.02)

 Female

85.21

83.97

84.20

67.73

74.28

94.29

85.76

73.85

49.69

50.07

(18.58)

(21.54)

(16.16)

(19.21)

(16.87)

(20.76)

(20.48)

(17.89)

(8.14)

(9.02)

 T

2.213*

2.27*

1.631

2.378*

0.657

0.245

−0.139

0.648

3.274

−0485

Age (year)

 18–29

89.56

86.40

84.95

68.80

73.68

94.13

88.23

73.50

51.20

46.63

(16.61)

(13.05)

(16.29)

(17.78)

(16.38)

(21.40)

(11.05)

(17.84)

(6.79)

(8.22)

 30–39

88.30

85.45

86.85

70.10

74.89

95.49

85.56

74.08

51.51

49.68

(18.30)

(13.39)

(15.82)

(19.06)

(17.25)

(21.04)

(15.48)

(18.35)

(6.99)

(8.64)

 40–49

86.58

86.03

84.93

70.07

74.02

94.42

85.14

74.12

50.83

49.63

(18.17)

(18.00)

(15.63)

(19.83)

(17.64)

(20.64)

(20.53)

(17.62)

(7.78)

(9.00)

 50–59

86.76

85.45

84.64

68.67

75.10

95.58

87.45

74.47

50.28

50.56

(17.20)

(21.00)

(16.20)

(19.42)

(16.68)

(20.26)

(19.23)

(17.65)

(7.99)

(8.88)

 60–69

84.44

83.25

83.81

67.06

74.57

93.71

85.09

74.38

49.23

50.20

(18.03)

(2.99)

(16.29)

(19.23)

(16.83)

(20.73)

(2.74)

(17.87)

(8.29)

(9.42)

 70–79

80.12

81.45

82.65

65.67

72.99

92.08

83.46

72.15

47.91

49.55

(20.33)

(25.32)

(16.77)

(18.14)

(16.14)

(22.31)

(24.21)

(18.43)

(8.67)

(9.20)

 80-

82.13

79.19

81.92

63.10

73.66

91.39

79.79

72.81

47.79

48.90

(16.22)

(29.46)

(16.35)

(18.48)

(16.03)

(20.2)

(30.31)

(16.71)

(7.81)

(9.60)

 F

17.571***

6.020***

4.481***

6.190***

1.469

2.874**

5.321***

1.484

19.245***

1.573

Education level

 Elementary school or lower

80.89

76.88

81.26

63.89

73.43

90.86

78.77

73.55

47.08

49.11

(19.32)

(29.60)

(17.04)

(19.84)

(16.68)

(22.97)

(29.14)

(17.87)

(9.26)

(9.76)

 Junior middle school

83.82

83.81

83.83

67.37

74.04

93.76

85.91

73.47

49.25

50.10

(19.17)

(21.80)

(16.28)

(19.00)

(16.79)

(21.11)

(20.53)

(18.21)

(8.14)

(9.10)

 Senior middle school

86.67

85.19

84.29

67.95

74.57

94.58

86.11

73.50

50.30

49.87

(17.15)

(20.11)

(16.22)

(19.59)

(17.03)

(20.21)

(20.30)

(18.09)

(7.92)

(9.19)

 College

87.49

86.53

86.40

69.76

75.10

95.56

86.52

74.57

51.19

50.10

(16.97)

(16.52)

(15.43)

(18.93)

(16.87)

(20.27)

(18.62)

(17.55)

(7.50)

(8.930

 University or higher

87.19

85.10

84.97

70.22

74.33

94.92

86.47

74.18

50.59

50.28

(18.45)

(18.99)

(16.36)

(18.62)

(16.82)

(20.95)

(18.13)

(17.29)

(7.51)

(8.40)

 F

15.515***

15.310***

8.168***

9.326***

0.989

3.837**

10.636***

1.897

21.921***

0.794

Marital status

 Not married yet

84.62

84.49

85.98

68.56

71.87

91.79

85.92

72.35

50.24

48.96

(20.90)

(13.43)

(16.89)

(18.89)

(17.27)

(22.43)

(10.96)

(19.29)

(7.28)

(8.71)

 Married currently

86.08

84.90

84.51

68.49

74.76

94.85

86.00

74.19

50.15

50.16

(17.67)

(20.32)

(16.07)

(19.25)

(16.88)

(20.54)

(20.46)

(17.77)

(7.92)

(9.00)

 Divorced or widowed

80.56

76.78

80.40

62.77

74.32

91.42

79.82

74.30

46.50

49.84

(19.95)

(36.24)

(16.67)

(18.14)

(14.88)

(21.19)

(34.85)

(15.86)

(10.31)

(10.13)

 F

11.015***

16.528***

9.777***

9.556***

8.058***

8.189***

9.744***

2.993

19.14***

5.571**

Ethnic group

 Han

85.68

84.51

84.60

68.31

74.56

94.49

85.75

74.10

50.01

50.08

(18.27)

(20.55)

(16.13)

(19.14)

(16.77)

(20.73)

(20.42)

(17.78)

(7.98)

(8.95)

 Hui

86.30

83.89

84.26

66.36

67.32

94.96

87.20

67.74

50.02

47.85

(19.22)

(21.91)

(18.24)

(22.10)

(21.37)

(22.56)

(16.10)

(21.94)

(8.88)

(11.09)

 Miao

70.56

87.99

89.11

67.99

68.89

88.89

89.91

61.78

49.07

47.31

(31.37)

(6.81)

(14.46)

(11.86)

(15.77)

(22.05)

(6.29)

(25.85)

(6.61)

(8.98)

 Wei

86.07

86.76

83.25

64.25

82.50

100.0

96.43

78.50

48.26

55.38

(17.90)

(25.91)

(17.03)

(26.95)

(15.81)

(14.94)

(6.60)

(18.63)

(11.49)

(9.57)

 Man

86.71

86.55

82.67

70.24

72.85

93.84

87.21

72.57

50.50

49.49

(14.07)

(18.48)

(16.52)

(20.69)

(18.30)

(21.16)

(18.00)

(18.25)

(7.66)

(9.81)

 Others

85.56

80.62

81.53

63.06

70.96

87.81

79.78

72.35

48.78

47.43

(17.56)

(28.40)

(18.48)

(18.04)

(17.09)

(24.36)

(25.26)

(19.72)

(8.90)

(10.59)

 F

1.344

0.915

1.085

1.629

3.030*

1.993

2.032

1.763

0.645

2.735*

Living environment

 Urban

85.63

84.47

84.41

68.11

74.47

94.21

85.73

73.98

49.95

50.01

(18.28)

(20.84)

(16.23)

(19.25)

(16.83)

(20.87)

(20.58)

(17.93)

(8.00)

(9.05)

 Suburban

85.54

84.79

85.53

69.48

74.62

95.49

85.19

74.79

50.32

50.21

(17.62)

(16.59)

(15.64)

(18.02)

(16.80)

(20.72)

(17.77)

(17.37)

(7.65)

(8.40)

 Rural

88.17

85.59

85.34

70.84

71.36

96.75

87.04

72.17

51.30

49.22

(16.43)

(22.44)

(16.13)

(19.86)

(18.39)

(19.30)

(22.27)

(17.18)

(8.69)

(9.39)

 F

1.223

0.215

0.923

1.991

2.133

1.458

0.375

1

1.798

0.721

Medical insurance

 Expenses of one’s own

84.56

86.05

85.34

70.92

74.00

94.17

86.16

73.51

50.55

49.88

(21.11)

(17.78)

(15.90)

(20.51)

(17.79)

(21.04)

(19.14)

(19.77)

(7.86)

(9.26)

 The new rural cooperative medical care

88.43

84.86

84.78

69.64

73.32

95.59

86.66

73.85

50.84

49.77

(15.62)

(19.28)

(16.39)

(19.16)

(17.43)

(20.68)

(18.85)

(17.76)

(8.05)

(9.41)

 Medical insurance for urban residents and workers

85.67

84.26

84.45

68.02

74.49

94.33

85.53

73.97

49.94

49.99

(18.09)

(20.93)

(16.25)

(19.13)

(16.78)

(20.81)

(20.56)

(17.78)

(8.02)

(8.98)

 Others

84.89

88.32

83.47

66.56

74.41

93.66

89.93

76.01

49.40

51.30

(16.61)

(19.81)

(14.73)

(16.93)

(16.55)

(21.19)

(22.48)

(15.71)

(7.45)

(9.03)

 F

2.16

2.506

0.563

3.404*

0.403

0.311

2.261

0.678

1.674

0.801

Chronic disease status

 Yes

86.62

86.69

86.25

70.74

74.86

94.88

87.09

74.27

51.10

50.13

(19.00)

(15.92)

(15.43)

(19.28)

(17.16)

(20.80)

(17.26)

(18.43)

(7.32)

(8.82)

 No

84.80

84.46

82.86

65.92

73.98

93.85

84.45

73.72

48.97

49.90

(17.38)

(17.38)

(16.74)

(18.82)

(16.58)

(20.83)

(22.30)

(17.35)

(8.46)

(9.21)

 T

−3.664***

−7.610***

−7.684***

−9.263***

−1.892

−1.799

−4.741***

−1.133

−8.719***

−0.785

 Smoke

 Never

85.79

84.55

84.59

68.28

74.33

94.42

85.77

73.90

50.07

49.97

(17.94)

(20.38)

(16.14)

(19.16)

(16.87)

(20.72)

(20.35)

(17.82)

(7.93)

(9.00)

 Yes

84.96

84.82

84.16

68.79

75.10

94.28

85.84

74.94

49.76

50.46

(20.35)

(20.61)

(16.28)

(19.24)

(16.93)

(21.27)

(20.01)

(18.61)

(8.06)

(9.19)

 Give up

84.63

81.38

82.81

64.75

74.27

91.37

83.53

72.84

48.79

49.31

(18.07)

(29.44)

(17.96)

(20.05)

(16.55)

(22.63)

(26.12)

(16.77)

(10.11)

(8.90)

 F

0.723

1.395

0.823

2.137

0.530

0.941

0.684

1.092

1.338

1.167

Drink

 Yes

85.63

84.68

84.23

67.39

75.43

94.71

86.05

75.05

49.71

50.57

(17.09)

(22.15)

(16.43)

(20.18)

(17.04)

(20.97)

(21.50)

(17.25)

(8.39)

(8.96)

 No

85.69

84.49

84.55

68.39

74.26

94.30

85.68

73.83

50.05

49.93

(18.36)

(20.41)

(16.16)

(19.04)

(16.84)

(20.80)

(20.29)

(17.97)

(7.94)

(9.03)

 T

0.076

−2.33

0.473

1.271

−1.712

−0.488

−0.422

−1.690

0.894

−1.732

Having breakfast weekly

 Less than 2 days

85.70

84.58

84.69

68.32

74.41

94.42

85.81

74.01

50.06

50.03

(18.30)

(20.58)

(16.07)

(19.19)

(16.89)

(20.89)

(20.35)

(17.87)

(7.95)

(9.00)

 2-3days

85.45

83.70

82.89

67.19

74.83

94.46

85.35

74.62

49.32

50.35

(17.24)

(21.87)

(16.53)

(19.06)

(16.29)

(19.12)

(21.39)

(17.63)

(8.36)

(8.77)

 4-5days

85.45

83.70

82.89

67.19

74.83

94.46

85.35

74.62

49.32

50.35

(17.24)

(21.87)

(16.53)

(19.06)

(16.90)

(19.12)

(21.39)

(17.63)

(8.36)

(8.77)

 More than 5 days

88.17

87.63

86.24

75.04

78.00

94.77

85.44

77.03

52.04

50.66

(14.21)

(17.79)

(15.98)

(20.04)

(17.77)

(21.78)

(22.81)

(17.87)

(7.42)

(10.03)

 F

0.736

1.076

3.938**

4.362**

3.346*

1.185

0.045

4.087**

2.984*

2.797*

Sleep quality

 Very good

86.00

86.51

86.27

72.09

75.72

94.88

86.94

74.91

51.05

50.46

(19.13)

(14.79)

(15.78)

(18.95)

(17.04)

(20.36)

(16.53)

(18.33)

(7.23)

(8.64)

 Fairly good

85.83

84.67

84.54

68.01

74.37

94.50

85.97

74.05

50.01

50.07

(18.04)

(20.61)

(16.08)

(19.03)

(16.85)

(20.84)

(20.38)

(17.76)

(7.99)

(8.99)

 Fairy bad

82.59

76.11

79.11

60.83

71.18

90.85

78.90

70.37

46.87

47.94

(19.70)

(31.72)

(17.99)

(19.61)

(16.15)

(22.06)

(28.95)

(18.19)

(9.37)

(10.37)

 Very bad

81.52

79.51

75.09

57.69

69.20

88.58

76.63

69.79

46.26

46.93

(16.82)

(26.24)

(15.82)

(20.89)

(16.60)

(16.82)

(29.27)

(14.39)

(8.49)

(8.02)

 F

3.130**

17.979***

15.897***

27.419***

5.709**

3.345*

12.631***

4.824*

16.679***

5.403**