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Table 7 Multivariate multilevel unordered multinomial regression of the effect of neighborhood social capital on patterns of health compromising behaviours (N = 1046), controlling for individual factors.

From: The different effects of neighbourhood and individual social capital on health-compromising behaviours in women during pregnancy: a multi-level analysis

 

Stable risk behaviour group (Ref: Stable healthy behaviour)

Positive behavioural change (Ref: Stable risk behaviour)

 

Smokingb

Alcohol consumptionb

Inadequate dietb

Smokingb

Alcohol consumptionb

Inadequate dietb

ORa (95 % CI)

ORa (95 % CI)

ORa (95 % CI)

ORa (95 % CI)

ORa (95 % CI)

ORa (95 % CI)

Neighbourhood-level variables

      

Neighbourhood social capital

      

  Low social capital (1st tertile)

  

1.46 (1.01; 2.11)

  

1.13 (0.82; 1.59)

  Moderate social capital   (2nd tertile)

  

1.19 (0.80; 2.10)

  

0.83 (0.60; 1.14)

Social class

   

0.62 (0.36; 1.06)

 

0.64 (0.46; 0.90)

  Low social class (1st tertile)

1.74 (1.03; 2.93)

 

1.49 (1.03; 2.15)

0.57 (0.34; 0.93)

 

0.71 (0.52; 0.97)

  Moderate social class   (2nd tertile)

1.35 (0.77; 2.36)

 

1.13 (0.77; 1.67)

   

Individual-level variables

      

Individual Social Capital

      

  Social support (per 10 points)

0.86 (0.77; 0.97)

0.96 (0.97; 1.00)

0.98 (0.97; 0.99)

1.27 (1.20; 1.35)

 

1.09 (1.02; 1.18)

  Social network

      

   0–1 relatives

1.62 (1.02; 2.60)

 

1.06 (0.77; 1.46)

0.57 (0.34; 0.93)

 

1.41 (1.10; 2.06)

  Social network

      

   0–1 friends

  

1.21 (0.83; 1.75)

   

 Socioeconomic variables

      

  Marital status

      

   Has a partner, not living    with him

1.25 (0.76; 2.06

 

0.78 (0.53; 1.16)

  

1.16 (0.85; 1.57)

   Single without partner

2.38 (1.16; 4.88)

 

2.33 (1.30; 4.18)

  

0.59 (0.32; 1.08)

  Family income

      

   < 1 BMWc

  

1.66 (1.20; 2.30)

 

0.32 (0.14; 0.70)

0.80 (0.59; 1.07)

  Years of schooling

      

   0–4 years

3.56 (1.91; 6.66)

0.71 (0.15; 3.40)

1.86 (1.14; 3.05)

0.43 (0.21; 0.88)

0.73 (0.36; 1.47)

0.60 (0.40; 0.90)

   5–8 years

2.57 (1.54; 4.30)

2.67 (1.22; 5.88)

1.63 (1.14; 2.33)

0.40 (0.24; 0.66)

(0.15 0.08; 0.26)

0.61 (0.49; 0.81)

Number of children

      

2 children

1.27 (0.49; 3.27)

 

1.06 (0.72;1.57)

0.78 (0.45; 1.33)

  

3 or more children

1.62 (0.72; 3.65)

 

1.17 (0.74;1.86)

0.85 (0.44; 1.67)

  

Occupational context

 

1.72 (0.78; 3.78)

    

   Without paid work

  

1.47 (1.05; 2.04)

 

0.35 (0.22; 0.57)

 

Demographic variables

      

  Age

      

   13–19

 

2.37 (0.61; 9.23)

2.46 (1.39; 4.35)

1.35 (0.62; 2.92)

0.31 (0.15; 0.65)

 

   20–30

 

2.46 (0.71; 8.51)

1.84 (1.20; 2.84)

1.15 (0.64; 2.08)

0.16 (0.09; 0.29)

 

  Ethnicity

      

   Brown

  

1.73 (1.21; 2.48)

0.57 (0.36; 0.92)

 

0.79 (0.58; 1.07)

   Black

  

1.78 (1.18; 2.69)

0.32 (0.17; 0.61)

 

0.81 (0.57; 1.15)

  1. Reference categories are in Table 3
  2. aOR were estimated using unordered multinomial logit model.
  3. bVariables adjusted for all other variables in the model.
  4. c1 Brazilian Minimal Wage (BMW) = US$ 178.00 in 2008
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