Table 2 Multivariate relationships between heat protection behaviour and significant risk factors
From: Heat protection behaviour in the UK: results of an online survey after the 2013 heatwave
Personal heat protection measures | Number and percentage of respondents who always/often undertook the personal heat protection measure | Significant risk factors (α = 0.05) | Relative risk ratio [95 % CI] |
|---|---|---|---|
Always keeping out of the sun between 1100 and 1500 | N = 783 % = 52.4 | Age group (base: 18–25) | |
26-60 | 1.0 [0.4, 2.5] | ||
61-75 | 2.7 [1.0, 7.7] | ||
76+ | 1.4 [0.5, 4.2] | ||
Sex (base: male) | |||
Female | 2.2 [1.3, 3.8]* | ||
Ethnicity (base: Non White) | |||
White | 1.9 [0.8, 4.8] | ||
Location (base: South of England) | |||
East of England and the Midlands | 0.7 [0.3, 1.4] | ||
London | 0.5 [0.2, 1.4] | ||
North | 0.6 [0.3, 1.5] | ||
Scotland | 0.1 [0.0, 0.3]* | ||
Wales | 1.2 [0.2, 5.7] | ||
Northern Ireland | 0.1 [0.0, 0.6]* | ||
Education level (base: higher level/university qualification) | |||
A-Levels/vocational level 3 | 0.7 [0.4, 1.4] | ||
GCSE O Levels/vocational level 2 | 1.1 [0.6, 2.0] | ||
Other/ unknown qualification | 0.4 [1.0, 1.4] | ||
Income (base: <£15,000 gross yearly) | |||
£15,000 - £29,999 gross yearly | 0.8 [0.4, 1.8] | ||
£30,000 - £49,999 gross yearly | 1.1 [0.5, 2.4] | ||
> £50,000 gross yearly | 1.0 [0.4, 2.5] | ||
Always walk in the shade | N = 893 % = 59.9 | Sex (base: male) | |
Female | 2.9 [1.5, 5.5] | ||
Location (base: South of England) | |||
Scotland | 0.2 [0.0, 0.9] | ||
Northern Ireland | 0.1 [0.0, 0.5] | ||
Always apply sunscreen | N = 887 % = 59.4 | Age group (base: 18–25) | |
61-75 | 0.3 [0.1, 0.7] | ||
76+ | 0.2 [0.1, 0.7] | ||
Sex (base: male) | |||
Female | 4.2 [2.7, 6.6] | ||
Ethnicity (base: Non White) | |||
White | 4.1 [1.8, 9.4] | ||
Income (base: <£15,000 gross yearly) | |||
£15,000 - £29,999 gross yearly | 1.9 [1.1, 3.1] | ||
£30,000 - £49,999 gross yearly | 3.0 [1.6, 5.5] | ||
Always avoid excess physical activity (heavy exercising, sports etc.) | N = 1041 % = 69.6 | Sex (base: male) | |
Female | 3.0 [1.3, 6.9] | ||
Always have plenty of cold drinks | N = 1248 % = 83.6 | None | |
Always avoid excess alcohol | N = 968 % = 65.1 | Sex (base: male) | |
Female | 2.9 [1.5, 5.6] | ||
Education level (base: higher level/university qualification) | |||
Other/ unknown qualification | 0.2 [0.1, 0.8] | ||
Always keep an eye on ill or elderly people | N = 596 % = 39.9 | Sex (base: male) | |
Female | 1.6 [1.1, 2.3] | ||
Education level (base: higher level/university qualification) | |||
O-level/vocational level 2 | 1.7 [1.1, 2.6] | ||
Always keep an eye on babies | N = 683 % = 45.8 | None |