Table 3 Selected characteristics among participants by presence of PAD

History of diabetes mellitus (yes)

63

71.6

464

17.2

p < 0.01

 History of diabetes < 5 years

2

2.3

245

9.1

 History of diabetes 5–10 years

13

14.8

129

4.8

 History of diabetes 10 years

48

54.5

90

3.3

History of hypertension (yes)

69

78.5

537

19.9

p < 0.01

 History of hypertension < 5 years

5

5.7

352

13.1

 History of hypertension 5–10 years

15

17.0

120

4.4

 History of hypertension 10 years

49

56.7

65

2.4

History of dyslipidemia (yes)

65

73.9

433

16.1

p < 0.01

 History of dyslipidemia < 5 years

4

4.5

340

12.6

 History of dyslipidemia 5–10 years

22

25.0

65

2.4

 History of dyslipidemia 10 years

39

44.3

28

1.1

History of Coronary artery disease (Yes)

14

15.9

85

3.2

p < 0.01

History of Cerebrovascular disease (Yes)

10

11.4

37

1.4

p < 0.01

Presence of Intermittent claudication (Yes)

33

37.5

42

1.5

p < 0.01

Erectile dysfunction among males* (Yes)

28

62.2

281

21.0

p < 0.01

Body mass index kg/m²

 <23

43

51.1

1075

38.1

df = 2

 23–24.9

18

20.5

567

21.1

 ≥25

27

28.4

1049

40.8

p > 0.05

Alcohol consumption

df = 2

 Abstainers

45

51.1

1555

57.8

 Less frequent users

29

33.0

639

23.7

p > 0.05

 Frequent users

14

15.9

497

18.5

Smoking status

 Never smoker

06

13.3

645

df = 2

p < 0.001

 Current smokers

20

44.4

367

 Former smokers

19

42.2

326

Pack year smoking

df = 4

 Zero (Never smokers)

6

13.3

645

 <5

4

8.9

328

 5-

4

8.9

174

p < 0.001

 10 -

9

20.0

123

 ≥20

22

48.9

68