Table 2 Risk-of-bias rating summary for studies investigating the effectiveness of food safety education interventions for consumers

Random sequence generation

6/11/0

N/A^a

N/A^a

Allocation concealment

11/6/0

9/3/0

N/A^a

Similarity of baseline outcomes

13/4/0

8/4/0

N/A^a

Similarity of baseline characteristics

10/6/1

8/4/0

N/A^a

Blinding of participants and personnel

6/11/0

4/8/0

N/A^a

Blinding of outcome assessment:

 Knowledge

13/4/0

8/4/0

N/A^a

 Other outcomes

8/9/0

4/8/0

N/A^a

Blinding of participants to the research question/purpose

N/A^a

N/A^a

16/30/4

Independence of intervention effect from confounding bias

15/2/0

11/1/0

48/1/1

Valid/reliable outcome measurement

14/3/0

10/2/0

33/17/0

Incomplete outcome data:

 Knowledge

12/2/3

8/3/1

31/19/0

 Other outcomes

12/2/3

8/3/1

30/20/0

Selective reporting

15/0/2

9/2/1

40/9/1

Other

14/3/0

12/0/0

48/2/0

Overall risk-of-bias:

 Knowledge

8/6/3

7/4/1

34/15/1

 Other outcomes

8/6/3

7/4/1

33/16/1