Associations between parental chronic pain and self-esteem, social competence, and family cohesion in adolescent girls and boys – family linkage data from the HUNT study

Table 2 Self-esteem, social competence, and family cohesion by parental chronic pain status

	Maternal chronic pain			Paternal chronic pain			Concurrent maternal and paternal chronic pain			Reference^d
	n ^a	Mean	SE	n	Mean	SE	n	Mean	SE	n	Mean	SE
Self-esteem^b
Girls (n = 1594)	290	2.86	0.04	255	2.91	0.04	106	2.81	0.06	857	2.97	0.02
Boys (n = 1633)	303	3.26	0.03	226	3.23	0.04	122	3.21	0.05	853	3.24	0.02
Social competence^c
Girls (n = 1594)	291	3.72	0.05	255	3.76	0.05	106	3.56	0.08	851	3.79	0.03
Boys (n = 1633)	302	4.02	0.04	222	3.90	0.05	120	4.03	0.07	840	3.91	0.03
Family cohesion^c
Girls (n = 1594)	291	4.18	0.05	255	4.15	0.05	106	4.03	0.08	852	4.25	0.03
Boys (n = 1633)	302	4.32	0.04	223	4.35	0.05	120	4.27	0.06	840	4.30	0.02

^aAll n are reported for complete cases, and the results are based on MI analyses. ^bRosenberg Self-Esteem scale, range from 1 to 4, where a high score indicates high self-esteem ^cResilience Scale for Adolescents (READ), range from 1 to 5, where a high score indicates high social competence and family cohesion

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