Table 4 Summary table on risk of bias of the included controlled before after studies (excludes two studies [35, 36] that could not be assessed)
CBA | Allocation sequence generation | Allocation adequately concealed | Baseline outcome measurements similar | Baseline characteristics similar | Incomplete outcome data adequately addressed | Knowledge of the allocated interventions adequately prevented | Study adequately protected against contamination | Study fee from selective outcome reporting | Study free from other risks of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jones 2005 [22] | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Unclear | Unclear | Low risk | Unclear risk (selected Pueblo and surrounding counties as intervention sites, but possibility of contamination remains) | Unclear risk (using surrogate indicator) | Unclear risk (not sure if it has accounted for other changes during before/after) |
Intermediate quality study | |||||||||
Zampetti 2013 [34] | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Unclear | Unclear | Low risk | Unclear (due to nature of intervention) | Unclear (using proxy indicator) | High risk (has not taken into account other changes during study period) |
Low quality study |