Table 1 Baseline characteristic of studies included
Study | Country | Sex | Study design | Sample size | Age at baseline | Ex-drinker (%) | Light alcohol (%) | Moderate alcohol (%) | Heavy alcohol (%) | Follow-up (year) | Main outcomes | NOS score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Framingham [24] | US | Men | Cohort | 3871 | >50 | 19.9 | 30.0 | 14.7 | 35.4 | 10.0 | Ischemic stroke | 8 |
Women | Cohort | 5300 | >50 | 37.9 | 39.1 | 9.6 | 13.4 | |||||
DANCOS [8] | Denmark | Men | Cohort | 12994 | 19–75 | 14.4 | 27.8 | 41.5 | 16.3 | 6.9 | Coronary disease, total mortality | 7 |
Women | Cohort | 13794 | 20–79 | 27.9 | 39.8 | 28.8 | 3.8 | |||||
EPOZ [25] | Netherlands | Men | Cohort | 760 | - | 6.7 | 17.6 | 38.6 | 37.1 | 10.0 | Cardiac death, total mortality | 6 |
Women | Cohort | 860 | - | 18.4 | 29.3 | 34.9 | 17.4 | |||||
MPC [10] | US | Men | Cohort | 13870 | >30 | 60.9 | 14.4 | 10.0 | 12.8 | 20.0 | Coronary disease, stroke, total mortality | 7 |
Women | Cohort | 13808 | >30 | 85.6 | 8.4 | 3.2 | 2.2 | |||||
NHEFS [26] | US | Men | Cohort | 768 | 46.3 | 17.8 | 63.8 | 7.0 | 11.5 | 17.0 | Total mortality | 5 |
Women | Cohort | 1286 | 45.7 | 36.7 | 56.5 | 3.2 | 3.7 | |||||
Whitehall II [27] | UK | Men | Cohort | 6840 | 35–55 | 13.0 | 45.6 | 12.6 | 28.7 | 11.0 | Coronary disease, total mortality | 7 |
Women | Cohort | 3374 | 35–55 | 29.1 | 54.8 | 11.4 | 4.7 | |||||
MONICA/KORA-Augsburg [28] | Germany | Men | Cohort | 1345 | 35–64 | 7.4 | 19.7 | 23.8 | 34.5 | 10.1 | Total mortality | 7 |
Women | Cohort | 1365 | 35–64 | 28.3 | 30.0 | 15.8 | - | |||||
MCCS [9] | Australia | Men | Cohort | 15156 | 40–69 | 13.2 | 39.9 | 20.8 | 16.1 | 11.4 | Coronary disease | 8 |
Women | Cohort | 23044 | 40–69 | 38.3 | 37.3 | 11.0 | - | |||||
CCHS [29] | Denmark | Men | Cohort | 5272 | >20 | 15.3 | - | 51.0 | 33.7 | 20.0 | Coronary disease, total mortality | 9 |
Women | Cohort | 6642 | >20 | 42.8 | - | 50.4 | 6.8 | |||||
HPFS and NHS [30] | US | Men | Cohort | 43685 | 54 | - | - | - | - | 18-20 | Total stroke, ischemic stroke | 6 |
Women | Cohort | 71243 | 50 | - | - | - | - | |||||
LWCS [31] | US | Men | Cohort | 4852 | 74 | 21.6 | 24.9 | 27.0 | 26.5 | 12.0 | Cardiac death | 7 |
Women | Cohort | 8444 | 73 | 27.7 | 35.4 | 21.3 | 15.7 | |||||
Denmark | Men | Cohort | 26035 | 50–65 | 4.9 | 52.3 | 11.9 | 30.9 | 5.7 | Coronary disease | 8 | |
Women | Cohort | 29427 | 50–65 | 15.8 | 66.0 | 9.2 | 9.0 | |||||
Japan | Men | Cohort | 34776 | 40–79 | 22.5 | 17.6 | 23.2 | 29.9 | 14.2 | Cardiac death, total mortality, stroke, ischemic stroke | 9 | |
Women | Cohort | 48906 | 40–79 | 83.5 | 12.0 | 2.1 | 0.7 | |||||
EPIC-Nutrition-Heidelberg [37] | Germany | Men | Cohort | 11062 | 42–62 | 30.0 | 31.0 | 30.0 | 9.0 | 12.0 | Total stroke | 7 |
Women | Cohort | 12865 | 37–62 | 60.0 | 22.0 | 13.0 | 5.0 | |||||
EPIC-Potsdam [38] | Germany | Men | Nested case-cohort | 815 | 35–65 | 3.2 | 33.4 | 24.5 | 38.9 | 8.2 | Coronary disease, stroke | 6 |
Women | Nested case-cohort | 1360 | 35–65 | 2.6 | 81.9 | 14.1 | 7.4 | |||||
EPIC-Spanish [39] | Spain | Men | Cohort | 15630 | 29–69 | 4.0 | 13.5 | 32.6 | 41.3 | 10.0 | Coronary disease | 7 |
Women | Cohort | 25808 | 29–69 | 35.1 | 33.8 | 21.3 | 3.0 | |||||
Netherlands | Men | Nested case-cohort | 1961 | 45–70 | - | - | - | - | 5.0 | Coronary disease, total mortality | 5 | |
Women | Nested case-cohort | 1713 | 45–70 | - | - | - | - | |||||
US | Men | Cohort | 10998 | >18 | - | 23.0 | 30.0 | 47.0 | 14.0 | Cardiac death, total mortality | 8 | |
Women | Cohort | 9767 | >18 | - | 33.3 | 36.6 | 31.1 |