Impact of socioeconomic status and subjective social class on overall and health-related quality of life

Kim, Jae-Hyun; Park, Eun-Cheol

doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2014-9

BMC Public Health

Table 2 Adjusted effect of gap between household income or education and subjective social class on difference between HRQOL and QOL

From: Impact of socioeconomic status and subjective social class on overall and health-related quality of life

	Difference between HRQOL and QOL
	Household income					Education
	Estimate	SE	95 % CI		P-value	Estimate	SE	95 % CI		P-value
Scale of estimation
Overestimation of socioeconomic stratum	-2.724	0.455	-3.616	-1.832	<0.0001	-2.553	0.318	-3.176	-1.929	<0.0001
Accurate	ref					ref
Underestimation of socioeconomic stratum	0.134	0.324	-0.500	0.768	0.678	0.612	0.373	-0.119	1.343	0.101
Age (years)
≤49	ref					ref
50–54	-0.201	0.572	-1.322	0.920	0.725	0.105	0.570	-1.013	1.223	0.854
55–59	-2.068	0.591	-3.225	-0.910	0.001	-1.587	0.589	-2.741	-0.433	0.007
60–64	-2.367	0.613	-3.569	-1.165	0.000	-2.079	0.611	-3.277	-0.881	0.001
65–69	-1.888	0.658	-3.177	-0.598	0.004	-1.868	0.656	-3.153	-0.582	0.004
70–74	-2.114	0.736	-3.556	-0.671	0.004	-2.447	0.735	-3.887	-1.007	0.001
≥75	-2.937	0.758	-4.423	-1.451	0.000	-3.159	0.756	-4.640	-1.678	<0.0001
Sex
Male	0.421	0.419	-0.400	1.242	0.314	-0.327	0.414	-1.138	0.484	0.430
Female	ref					ref
Residential region
Urban	1.935	0.278	1.389	2.480	<0.0001	1.640	0.278	1.096	2.184	<0.0001
Rural	ref					ref
Income (Education)
Low	1.880	0.482	0.935	2.825	0.030	2.876	0.433	2.028	3.724	<0.0001
Middle	0.604	0.473	-0.324	1.532	0.292	2.579	0.347	1.899	3.259	<0.0001
High	ref					ref
Marital status
Married	-3.270	0.389	-4.032	-2.507	<0.0001	-2.442	0.397	-3.219	-1.664	<0.0001
Single	ref					ref
Employed
Yes	1.108	0.327	0.466	1.750	0.001	1.849	0.328	1.205	2.492	<0.0001
No	ref					ref
Smoking status
Never	-1.786	0.434	-2.637	-0.936	<0.0001	-1.870	0.432	-2.716	-1.024	<0.0001
Former smoker	-1.209	0.482	-2.154	-0.264	0.013	-1.160	0.481	-2.102	-0.217	0.016
Smoker	ref					ref
Alcohol use
Yes	0.926	0.348	0.245	1.608	0.008	1.072	0.347	0.392	1.752	0.002
Former user	-0.029	0.490	-0.989	0.931	0.953	0.010	0.489	-0.948	0.968	0.984
No	ref					ref
Number of contact with friend
Never	-0.056	0.596	-1.223	1.111	0.925	-0.220	0.594	-1.385	0.945	0.711
3–6 times a year	-0.632	0.526	-1.663	0.398	0.229	-0.657	0.525	-1.685	0.372	0.211
1–2 times a month	0.117	0.389	-0.645	0.879	0.764	0.224	0.388	-0.537	0.984	0.565
1–2 times a week	0.295	0.340	-0.370	0.961	0.384	0.277	0.339	-0.387	0.941	0.413
Every day	ref					ref
Self-rated health
Good	11.978	0.412	11.171	12.785	<0.0001	12.173	0.410	11.369	12.976	<0.0001
Normal	8.307	0.373	7.577	9.037	<0.0001	8.359	0.371	7.631	9.087	<0.0001
Bad	ref					ref
Depressive symptoms
Yes	-0.331	0.569	-1.446	0.785	0.562	-0.585	0.568	-1.699	0.528	0.303
No	ref					ref
Number of chronic diseases
0	1.854	1.088	-0.278	3.986	0.089	1.903	1.085	-0.224	4.029	0.080
1	0.860	1.141	-1.376	3.095	0.451	0.912	1.138	-1.318	3.143	0.423
≥2	ref					ref
Number of offspring
0	4.441	0.852	2.772	6.110	<0.0001	4.262	0.849	2.597	5.926	<0.0001
1	0.275	0.530	-0.764	1.314	0.605	-0.024	0.530	-1.062	1.014	0.964
2	ref					ref
3	-0.048	0.360	-0.754	0.659	0.895	0.140	0.359	-0.564	0.845	0.697
4	-0.192	0.485	-1.143	0.759	0.693	0.190	0.483	-0.756	1.136	0.695
≥5	-1.305	0.531	-2.346	-0.263	0.016	-0.922	0.529	-1.957	0.114	0.085
Year of survey
2008	-0.036	0.273	-0.570	0.498	0.894	-0.037	0.272	-0.570	0.496	0.892
2010	ref					ref

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