Fig. 2

An age-independent SIER Model with two constant CT infection rates over the periods before and after screening initiation. This is a 10-compartment model with two portions. The upper portion captures the disease progression without screening from age 0 to the age determined to start screening. The lower portion captures the disease progression with screening from the age determined to start screening to age A. The solid lines and dashed lines are used in the same way as in Fig. 1 to indicate the dynamics. The dotted lines indicate the necessary vital dynamics with population aging