| All households (n = 422) | Small village households (n = 134) | Farm households (n = 146) | Marginalized urban households (n = 142) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) |  |
Income levela | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
≤ $350 USD per month | 263 (62.3) | 78 (58.2) | 74 (50.7) | 111 (78.2) | <0.01 |
>$350 USD per month | 159 (37.7) | 56 (41.8) | 72 (49.3) | 31 (21.8) | |
Head of household educationa | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
< High school | 311 (73.7) | 95 (70.9) | 106 (72.6) | 110 (77.5) | 0.43 |
High school or greater | 111 (26.3) | 39 (29.1) | 40 (27.4) | 32 (22.5) | |
Sex head of householda | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male | 159 (37.7) | 54 (40.3) | 76 (52.1) | 29 (20.4) | <0.01 |
Female | 263 (62.3) | 80 (59.7) | 70 (47.9) | 113 (79.6) | |
Age head of householda | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Mean (range) | 45.6 (17–87) | 48.6 (19–85) | 51.5 (18–87) | 36.7 (17–77) | <0.01 |
Any children in the householda | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 285 (67.5) | 78 (58.2) | 95 (65.0) | 112 (78.9) | <0.01 |
No | 137 (32.5) | 56 (41.8) | 51 (35.0) | 30 (21.1) | |
Number of people in the householda | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Mean (range) | 4.2 (1–12) | 4.1 (1–12) | 4.4 (2–12) | 4.1 (1–11) | 0.18 |
Species diversitya | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Mean (range) | 2.7 (0–7) | 2.7 (0–7) | 4.0 (0–7) | 1.3 (0–3) | <0.01 |
Household owns dogs | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 345 (81.8) | 113 (84.3) | 134 (91.8) | 98 (69.0) | <0.01 |
No | 77 (18.2) | 21 (15.7) | 12 (8.2) | 44 (31.0) | |
Household owns cats | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 235 (55.7) | 77 (57.5) | 87 (59.6) | 71 (50.0) | 0.23 |
No | 187 (44.3) | 57 (42.5) | 59 (40.4) | 71 (50.0) | |
Household owns livestock | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 195 (46.2) | 61 (45.5) | 131 (89.7) | 3 (2.1) | <0.01 |
No | 262 (53.8) | 73 (54.5) | 15 (10.3) | 139 (97.9) | |
Household has a garden | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 242 (57.3) | 91 (67.9) | 122 (83.6) | 29 (20.4) | <0.01 |
No | 180 (42.7) | 43 (32.1) | 24 (16.4) | 113 (79.6) | |
Type of house | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Shack/hut | 123 (29.1) | 3 (2.2) | 2 (1.4) | 118 (83.1) | <0.01 |
House | 299 (70.9) | 131 (97.8) | 144 (98.6) | 24 (16.9) | |
Condition of house | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Good | 349 (82.7) | 116 (86.6) | 132 (90.4) | 101 (71.1) | <0.01 |
Floors, walls, and/or roof deteriorated | 73 (17.3) | 18 (13.4) | 14 (9.6) | 41 (28.9) | |
Drinking water source | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Community or household tap | 311 (73.7) | 121 (90.3) | 49 (33.6) | 141 (99.3) | <0.01 |
Well | 68 (16.1) | 3 (2.2) | 65 (44.5) | 0 | |
Natural water source | 43 (10.2) | 10 (7.5) | 32 (21.9) | 1 (0.7) | |
Human waste disposal | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Septic tank/system | 232 (55.0) | 108 (80.6) | 85 (58.2) | 39 (27.5) | <0.01 |
Latrine | 110 (26.0) | 21 (15.7) | 50 (34.2) | 39 (27.5) | |
None/Outhouse | 80 (19.0) | 5 (3.7) | 11 (7.5) | 64 (45.0) | |
Garbage removed by truck | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 363 (86.0) | 119 (88.8) | 109 (74.7) | 135 (95.1) | <0.01 |
No | 59 (14.0) | 15 (11.2) | 37 (27.2) | 7 (4.9) | |
Number of rodent signsa | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Mean (range) | 1.7 (0–5) | 1.6 (0–4) | 2.0 (0–5) | 1.5 (0–5) | <0.01 |
Survey season | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Summer (January–April) | 161 (38.2) | 63 (47.0) | 65 (44.5) | 33 (23.2) | <0.01 |
Spring (September–December) | 261 (61.8) | 71 (53.0) | 81 (55.5) | 109 (76.8) |