Table 3 Association of socio-demographic characteristics and health risks with current smoking, daily shisha consumption, and heavy smoking (more than 16 cigarettes per day) in logistic regression backward elimination models in Saudi Adults, 2013
From: Tobacco consumption in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013: findings from a national survey
Characteristics | Current smoking | Daily shisha consumption | Heavy smoking | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | ||||||
Age (decades) | 1.12 | 1.00 | 1.26 | 1.09 | 0.92 | 1.29 | 1.24 | 1.06 | 1.45 | ||
Sex: | |||||||||||
Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
Female | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.20 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.02 | ||
Education: | |||||||||||
Primary school or less | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
Elementary/high school completed | NA | 1.33 | 0.83 | 2.13 | 0.77 | 0.51 | 1.15 | ||||
College degree or higher education | 0.89 | 0.71 | 1.11 | 1.32 | 0.81 | 2.15 | 0.59 | 0.38 | 0.93 | ||
Marriage: | |||||||||||
Never married | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
Currently married | 1.72 | 1.21 | 2.43 | 1.73 | 1.07 | 2.77 | 1.45 | 0.87 | 2.42 | ||
Separated, divorced, or widowed | 3.58 | 2.03 | 6.30 | 2.37 | 1.20 | 4.70 | 2.60 | 1.09 | 6.23 | ||
Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||||||||||
< 25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
25─30 | 0.81 | 0.63 | 1.04 | NA | 0.82 | 0.61 | 1.10 | ||||
30+ | 0.89 | 0.68 | 1.15 | NA | NA | ||||||
Minimal physical activity | |||||||||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
Yes | NA | 1.24 | 0.91 | 1.69 | 1.15 | 0.83 | 1.58 | ||||
Daily servings of fruits/vegetables | |||||||||||
Less than 5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
5 or more | 1.19 | 0.84 | 1.69 | NA | 1.27 | 0.80 | 2.02 | ||||
History of diagnosis with hypercholesterolemia | |||||||||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
Yes | 0.75 | 0.52 | 1.10 | NA | NA | ||||||
History of diagnosis with pre-diabetes | |||||||||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
Yes | 2.42 | 1.36 | 4.32 | 2.63 | 1.30 | 5.33 | 1.81 | 0.86 | 3.80 | ||
History of diagnosis with hypertension | |||||||||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
Yes | NA | 1.22 | 0.73 | 2.04 | NA | ||||||
History of diagnosis with a chronic condition | |||||||||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||||||
Yes | NA | NA | 1.18 | 0.80 | 1.74 | ||||||
Constant | 0.16 | 0.12 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.10 | ||