Table 4 Distribution of health information and non-pharmaceutical measures for confirmed outpatient cases and negative controls according to age group
From: Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical measures in preventing pediatric influenza: a case–control study
0-4 years | 5-17 years | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases | Controls | Crude OR | Adjusted ORa | P value | Cases | Controls | Crude OR | Adjusted ORb | P value | |
(n = 122) | (n = 122) | (95 % CI) | (95 % CI) | (n = 93) | (n = 93) | (95 % CI) | (95 % CI) | |||
Received information on influenza prevention | ||||||||||
No | 37 (30.6 %) | 32 (26.0 %) | 1 | 1 | 15 (16.3 %) | 14 (15.9 %) | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 84 (69.4 %) | 91 (74.0 %) | 0.71 (0.34-1.48) | 0.74 (0.33 1.63) | 0.45 | 77 (83.7 %) | 74 (84.1 %) | 0.83 (0.33 – 2.11) | 0.72 (0.21 –2.50) | 0.61 |
Frequency of daily hand washing | ||||||||||
1-4 times | 57 (48.3 %) | 54 (45.0 %) | 1 | 1 | 58 (62.4 %) | 42 (46.2 %) | 1 | 1 | ||
>5 times | 61 (51.7 %) | 66 (55.0 %) | 0.80 (0.44- 1.47) | 0.91 (0.46-1.78) | 0.77 | 35 (37.6 %) | 49 (53.8 %) | 0.45 (0.23 – 0.87) | 0.47 (0.22 – 0.99) | 0.04 |
Use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers | ||||||||||
Never | 84 (71.2 %) | 96 (79.3 %) | 1 | 1 | 62 (66.7 %) | 62 (68.1 %) | 1 | 1 | ||
Sometimes | 34 (28.8 %) | 25 (20.7 %) | 1.59 (0.85 -2.98) | 1.45 (0.72 2.91) | 0.29 | 31 (33.3 %) | 29 (31.9 %) | 1.09 (0.48 – 2.47) | 1.29 (0.49 – 3.37) | 0.60 |
Hand washing after touching contaminated surfaces | ||||||||||
Never | 22 (18.8 %) | 26 (21.5 %) | 1 | 1 | 26 (28.0 %) | 16 (17.6 %) | 1 | 1 | ||
Sometimes | 95 (81.2 %) | 95 (78.5 %) | 1.36 (0.63-2.97) | 1.06 (0.44-2.56) | 0.90 | 67 (72.0 %) | 75 (82.4 %) | 0.27 (0.09 – 0.83) | 0.19 (0.04 – 0.86) | 0.03 |