Table 4 Results of multivariable logistic regression analysis for the relationship between BMI and metabolic syndrome
Metabolic syndrome | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Males | Females | ||||
OR | SD | OR | SD | |||
BMI | ||||||
≤22.9 | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
23.0–24.9 | 9.17 | 5.81 | 14.50 | 6.79 | 5.57 | 8.28 |
≥25 | 71.08 | 46.32 | 109.08 | 27.75 | 22.71 | 33.91 |
Age (years) | ||||||
19 ~ 29 | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
30 ~ 39 | 2.21 | 1.17 | 4.17 | 2.16 | 1.18 | 3.96 |
40 ~ 49 | 3.05 | 1.67 | 5.58 | 4.31 | 2.38 | 7.79 |
50 ~ 59 | 4.20 | 2.19 | 8.04 | 5.02 | 2.58 | 9.77 |
60 ~ 69 | 5.45 | 2.69 | 11.02 | 8.47 | 4.27 | 16.81 |
≥70 | 7.01 | 3.41 | 14.44 | 12.11 | 6.28 | 23.35 |
Income | ||||||
Low | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
Mid-low | 1.18 | 0.84 | 1.66 | 1.07 | 0.87 | 1.33 |
Mid-high | 1.12 | 0.80 | 1.58 | 0.98 | 0.77 | 1.23 |
High | 1.29 | 0.90 | 1.84 | 0.87 | 0.67 | 1.14 |
Educational level | ||||||
Below elementary school | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
Middle school graduated | 1.25 | 0.90 | 1.74 | 0.71 | 0.56 | 0.91 |
High school graduated | 0.98 | 0.72 | 1.33 | 0.59 | 0.46 | 0.76 |
Above University graduated | 1.03 | 0.73 | 1.43 | 0.51 | 0.37 | 0.72 |
Economic activity | ||||||
Yes | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
No | 1.50 | 1.10 | 2.05 | 1.27 | 1.08 | 1.48 |
Marital status | ||||||
Married | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
Separated/Bereavement/Divorced | 0.81 | 0.52 | 1.26 | 1.10 | 0.92 | 1.31 |
Single | 0.85 | 0.53 | 1.38 | 1.26 | 0.69 | 2.28 |
Sleep duration | ||||||
Less than 6 h | 0.91 | 0.75 | 1.10 | 0.85 | 0.72 | 1.00 |
7–8 h | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
More than 9 h | 0.85 | 0.55 | 1.32 | 1.14 | 0.87 | 1.51 |
Smoking status | ||||||
Non-smoker/Ex-smoker | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
Smoker | 1.31 | 1.04 | 1.64 | 1.37 | 0.92 | 2.06 |
Alcohol consumption | ||||||
Never | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
Less than 1 time per month | 1.03 | 0.73 | 1.46 | 0.96 | 0.80 | 1.16 |
Less than 3 times per week | 1.16 | 0.85 | 1.59 | 1.00 | 0.80 | 1.24 |
More than 4 times per week | 1.92 | 1.36 | 2.72 | 0.84 | 0.49 | 1.43 |
Stress awareness | ||||||
High | 0.99 | 0.70 | 1.38 | 0.90 | 0.70 | 1.17 |
Moderate | 0.90 | 0.69 | 1.18 | 0.85 | 0.68 | 1.07 |
Low | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
Moderate physical activity | ||||||
No | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
Yes | 1.29 | 0.89 | 1.87 | 1.09 | 0.84 | 1.41 |
Survey year | ||||||
2010 | 1.00 | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
2011 | 1.14 | 0.90 | 1.45 | 0.89 | 0.74 | 1.08 |
2012 | 0.82 | 0.63 | 1.07 | 1.14 | 0.95 | 1.37 |
Menopause | ||||||
Not yet | - | - | - | 1.00 | - | - |
Yes | - | - | - | 1.45 | 1.09 | 1.92 |
Total energy intake | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.01 | 1.01 | 0.99 | 1.02 |
C-statistics | 0.855* | 0.876* | ||||