Table 1 Food establishment and SES characteristics across retail food environment (RFE) categories
Block group characteristics | Healthier options (RFE ratio ≤1.0) | Unhealthier options (RFE ratio >1.0) |
|---|---|---|
Block groups (n) | 769 | 2458 |
Supermarket1 (%) | 21.2 ± 17.0 (0–75) | 12.8 ± 7.9 (0–40)*** |
Restaurant (%) | 16.9 ± 17.9 (0–77) | 23.3 ± 12.7 (0–67)*** |
Specialty food (%) | 14. 7 ± 16.7 (0–75) | 6.0 ± 6.0 (0–38)*** |
Fast food (%) | 7.1 ± 9.8 (0–40) | 24.2 ± 11.4 (0–67)*** |
Convenience store (%) | 8.8 ± 11.1 (0–40) | 18.7 ± 11.8 (0–86)*** |
Pharmacy (%) | 2.5 ± 5.8 (0–40) | 6.8 ± 7.4 (0–75)*** |
Male (%) | 49.0 ± 2.7 (31–70) | 48.8 ± 3.3 (29–90)* |
Age 18 years or older (%) | 74.4 ± 6.1 (47–100) | 76.5 ± 6.6 (51–100)*** |
Age 65 years or older (%) | 10.7 ± 8.1 (0–83) | 10.8 ± 8.1 (0–94) |
Female head of household with children (%) | 50.6 ± 14.5 (0–100) | 50.0 ± 13.8 (0–100) |
Rented housing (%) | 21.7 ± 23.3 (0–100) | 31.8 ± 27.4 (1–100)*** |
No vehicle in household (%) | 2.4 ± 4.4 (0–45) | 3.7 ± 4.0 (0–49)*** |
Employed in management (%) | 49.5 ± 15.0 (3–82) | 50.0 ± 16.4 (3–93) |
Using public assistance (%) | 3.1 ± 3.5 (0–23) | 3.7 ± 4.0 (0–44)** |
Family poverty (%) | 3.6 ± 4.2 (0–27) | 4.3 ± 5.2 (0–100)** |
White race (%) | 66.3 ± 26.9 (1–100) | 62.3 ± 25.3 (0–99)*** |
Black race (%) | 20.2 ± 25.2 (0–95) | 21.3 ± 23.6 (0–98) |
Hispanic ethnicity (%) | 9.6 ± 12.7 (0–94) | 12.5 ± 12.5 (0–90)*** |
Income (median per 10,000 dollars) | 5.4 ± 1.8 (2–12) | 5.3 ± 1.8 (0–15)* |