Table 1 Gender differences in the variables used for analysis

Rural area at baseline

42.4% (712)

57.6% (969)

Mpumalanga province at baseline

45.3% (746)

54.7% (902)*

Informal housing at baseline

41.6% (444)

58.4% (624)*

Mean age at baseline

13.41 (SD 2.10) SE .055

13.44 (SD 2.18) SE .050

Poverty at baseline

2.61 (SD 2.30) SE .060

2.74 (SD 2.33) SE .053

Household receipt of pension at baseline

13.2% (194)

13.0% (251)

Frequent physical abuse at follow-up

44.5% (251)

55.5% (313)

Frequent emotional abuse at follow-up

38.5% (271)

61.5% (433)**

Frequent physical abuse at baseline

17.0% (251)

19.1% (368)

Frequent emotional abuse at baseline

17.4% (257)

20.6% (397)*

AIDS-illness at baseline

39.2% (417)

60.8% (646)***

Other chronic illness at baseline

46.3% (219)

53.7% (254)

Extent of ill person’s disability at baseline

1.97 (SD 3.87) SE .101

2.14 (SD 3.80) SE .087