Table 3 Maternal and newborns baseline associated with odds of neonatal death a
Variables | Number of live births n = 4800 | Number of deaths (NMR) n = 54 | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Socioeconomic background | ||||
Maternal age | ||||
≤35 | 4189(91.0) | 48(1.15) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
>35 | 415(9.0) | 6(1.45) | 1.26(0.56-2.84) | 0.53(0.18-1.56) |
First pregnancy | ||||
Yes | 2536(54.5) | 14(0.55) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
No | 2116(45.5) | 40(1.89) | 3.43(1.84-6.40) | 2.77(1.34-5.70) |
Women’s education | ||||
None | 52(1.2) | 3(5.77) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Primary school | 1122(25.8) | 20(1.78) | 0.31(0.08-1.16) | 0.28(0.07-1.19) |
Junior high school or higher | 3171(73.0) | 28(0.88) | 0.15(0.04-0.57) | 0.20(0.05-0.84) |
Household Wealth Index | ||||
Poorest | 1553(33.4) | 23(1.48) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Middle income | 1551(33.3) | 13(0.84) | 0.57(0.28-1.16) | 0.76(0.38-1.52) |
Richest | 1548(33.3) | 18(1.16) | 0.79(0.44-1.41) | 1.19(0.64-2.19) |
Maternal health care utilization | ||||
Women receiving any prenatal visit in the first trimester of pregnancy | ||||
Yes | 3000(69.8) | 26(0.87) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
No | 1297(30.2) | 28(2.16) | 2.49(1.48-4.19) | 2.49(1.41-4.40) |
Delivery place | ||||
Home | 136(3.0) | 5(3.68) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Township | 394(8.5) | 5(1.27) | 0.35(0.10-1.15) | 0.23(0.05-1.03) |
County | 3839(83.3) | 42(1.09) | 0.30(0.12-0.75) | 0.18(0.04-0.86) |
Above county | 242(5.2) | 2(0.83) | 0.22(0.04-1.26) | 0.17(0.02-1.36) |
Distance to the delivery place | ||||
≤5 km | 1058(23.3) | 9(0.85) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
>5 km | 3487(76.7) | 45(1.29) | 1.52(0.75-3.07) | 3.61(0.93-14.04) |
Time to initiation of breastfeedingb | ||||
No feeding | 565(12.9) | 13(2.30) | 1.0 | |
>24 h | 3069(70.1) | 27(0.88) | 0.36(0.20-0.65) | |
≤24 h | 745(17.0) | 1(0.13) | 0.04(0.01-0.34) |