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Table 4 Association of alcohol drinking frequency with background characteristics of women (N = 861)

From: Consumption and drinking frequency of alcoholic beverage among women in Ghana: a cross-sectional study

Characteristic

Unadjusted

Adjusted

None (vs. Once)

2-3 times (vs. Once)

≥4 times (vs. Once)

None (vs. Once)

2-3 times (vs. Once)

≥4 times (vs. Once)

 

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

AOR (95% CI)

Marital status

      

Never married

1

1

1

1

1

1

Married/cohabiting

0.59 (0.41, 0.88)*

1.77 (1.11, 2.81)*

1.79 (0.88, 3.69)

0.85 (0.55, 1.33)

1.63 (0.97, 2.73)

1.61 (0.73, 3.57)

Divorced/Separated/Windowed

0.64 (0.37, 1.12)

1.35 (0.72, 2.55)

1.80 (0.72, 4.51)

0.61 (0.33, 1.12)

1.30 (0.67, 2.54)

1.76 (0.65, 4.73)

Residence

      

Urban

1

1

1

1

1

1

Rural

0.42 (0.30, 0.58)*

2.05 (1.41, 2.96)*

2.48 (1.38, 4.45)*

0.86 (0.51, 1.45)

1.53 (0.88, 2.66)

1.5 (0.62, 4.02)

Region

      

Western

1

1

1

1

1

1

Central

5.00 (1.86,13.44)*

1.67 (0.49, 5.61)

4.17 (0.69, 24.94)

5.34(1.94,14.70)*

1.52(0.45,5.22)

3.77 (0.60, 23.71)

Greater Accra

2.57 (1.14, 5.77)*

1.03 (0.40, 2.67)

2.07 (0.43, 10.05)

3.10 (1.27, 7.55)*

1.42(0.49,4.09)

6.19(1.03,37.19)*

Volta

0.49 (0.19, 1.26)

1.45 (0.57, 3.68)

0.91 (0.16, 5.07)

0.55 (0.18, 1.66)

0.92 (0.29, 2.91)

0.92 (0.12, 6.92)

Eastern

2.22 (0.85, 5.83)

3.19 (1.15, 8.91)*

3.89 (0.71, 21.19)

3.36 (1.20, 9.36)*

3.09(1.03,9.27)*

3.89 (0.64, 23.59)

Ashanti

2.23 (0.94, 5.28)

1.57 (0.59, 4.18)

1.14 (0.19, 6.80)

2.10 (0.87, 5.07)

1.60 (0.59, 4.37)

1.21 (0.19, 7.68)

Brong Ahafo

3.09 (1.06, 9.04)*

2.00 (0.58, 6.91)

1.00(0.08,12.39)

4.04(1.28,12.71)*

1.47(0.39,5.57)

0.62 (0.04, 9.08)

Northern

1.21 (0.48, 3.07)

2.50 (0.95, 6.55)

4.67 (0.96, 22.79)

1.96 (0.56, 6.92)

0.98 (0.27, 3.59)

3.21 (0.39, 26.59)

Upper East

0.10 (0.03, 0.39)*

1.29 (0.51, 3.31)

0.93 (0.17, 5.16)

0.18 (0.36, 0.94)*

0.84(0.23,3.11)

0.53 (0.06, 5.11)

Upper West

0.69 (0.28, 1.65)

2.66 (1.09, 6.49)*

4.75(1.04,21.72)*

1.31 (0.38, 4.48)

1.73 (0.49, 6.08)

2.45 (0.31, 19.61)

Education

      

No education

1

1

1

1

1

1

Primary

1.83 (1.11, 3.03)*

0.92 (0.59, 1.42)

1.63 (0.93, 2.87)

1.17 (0.65, 2.11)

1.09 (0.66, 1.81)

2.28 (1.17, 4.42)*

Secondary/Higher

3.20 (2.16, 4.76)*

0.63 (0.44, 0.92)*

0.44 (0.24, 0.81)*

1.39 (0.79, 2.46)

1.01 (0.60, 1.69)

0.82 (0.36, 1.86)

Ethnicity

      

Akan

1

1

1

1

1

1

Ga/Dangme

0.44 (0.25, 0.78)*

0.81 (0.42, 1.56)

1.06 (0.43, 2.64)

0.39 (0.20, 0.77)*

0.71 (0.32, 1.57)

0.52 (0.17, 1.55)

Ewe/Guan

0.44 (0.28, 0.69)*

1.17 (0.71, 1.92)

0.72 (0.31, 1.65)

1.02 (0.53, 1.97)

1.35 (0.62, 2.94)

0.59 (0.19, 1.89)

Mole-Dagbani

0.19 (0.11, 0.30)*

1.19 (0.76, 1.88)

1.59 (0.84, 3.02)

0.79 (0.31, 2.03)

1.11 (0.42, 2.92)

1.30 (0.29, 5.67)

Grussi/Gruma/ Mande

0.39 (0.23, 0.68)*

2.31 (1.38, 3.88)*

1.88 (0.88, 4.03)

1.17 (0.44, 3.10)

2.28 (0.87, 6.011)

0.95 (0.22, 4.22)

Wealth

      

Poor

1

1

1

1

1

1

Middle

3.69 (2.22, 6.14)*

0.84 (0.49, 1.44)

0.84 (0.39, 1.79)

2.26 (1.21, 4.20)*

1.08 (0.58, 1.99)

1.11 (0.46, 2.71)

Rich

3.18 (2.21, 4.57)*

0.52 (0.36, 0.76)*

0.33 (0.18, 0.62)*

1.50 (0.81, 2.78)

0.93 (0.51, 1.70)

0.42 (0.15, 1.17)

Employment (past 12 months)

      

Not employed

1

1

1

1

1

1

Employed

0.88 (0.58, 1.34)

1.43 (0.89, 2.29)

2.56 (1.06, 6.14)*

1.25(0.77, 2.01)

1.19 (0.71, 2.02)

2.59(1.01, 6.62)*

  1. OR - Crude odds ratio; AOR - Adjusted odds ratio; CI- Confidence Interval; vs - versus *: p < 0.05.
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