|  | Early initiation of breastfeeding | Bottle feeding | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Sample | (%) | Unadjusted |  | Adjusted |  | % | Unadjusted |  | Adjusted |  |
 | Size (n*) |  | OR (LCI-UCI) | P | OR (LCI-UCI) | P |  | OR (LCI-UCI) | P | OR (LCI-UCI) | P |
Socio-economic | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Maternal education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No education | 4655 | 30.4 | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â | 4.4 | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Primary | 2274 | 43.7 | 1.77 (1.52-2.07) | <0.001 | 1.43 (1.21-1.65) | <0.001 | 13.4 | 3.34 (2.71-4.12) | 0.001 | 1.44 (1.12-1.84) | 0.005 |
Secondary and above | 3296 | 43.9 | 1.79 (1.55-2.07) | <0.001 | 1.46 (1.24-1.72) | <0.001 | 19.2 | 5.15 (4.24-6.26) | 0.001 | 1.41 (1.06-1.88) | 0.017 |
Father’s education |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
No education | 3641 | 30.3 | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â | 3.7 | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Primary | 2149 | 39.1 | 1.48 (1.26-1.74) | <0.001 | Â | Â | 12.5 | 3.71 (2.88-4.77) | 0.001 | 1.81 (1.37-2.38) | <0.001 |
Secondary and above | 4044 | 43.8 | 1.80 (1.55-2.08) | <0.001 | Â | Â | 17.0 | 5.31 (4.25-6.63) | 0.001 | 1.84 (1.39-2.43) | <0.001 |
Household Wealth | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Poor | 4709 | 32.8 | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â | 5.9 | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Middle | 3749 | 41.8 | 1.47(1.28-1.68) | <0.001 | Â | Â | 13.3 | 2.43 (2.01-2.94) | 0.001 | 1.23 (0.99-1.52) | 0.062 |
Rich | 1767 | 42.1 | 1.49 (1.25-1.79) | <0.001 | Â | Â | 20.5 | 4.09 (3.28-5.10) | 0.001 | 1.45 (1.09-1.92) | 0.010 |
Geopolitical region | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
North Central | 3112 | 59.6 | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â | 11.1 | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
North East | 5019 | 23.8 | 0.21 (0.16-0.28) | <0.001 | 0.24 (3.12-5.45) | <0.001 | 6.8 | 0.59 (0.42-0.81) | 0.001 | 0.93 (0.67-1.29) | 0.660 |
North West | 2093 | 30.6 | 0.30 (0.24-0.38) | <0.001 | 0.35 (2.22-3.59) | <0.001 | 4.1 | 0.34 (0.24-0.48) | 0.001 | 0.56 (0.40-0.79) | 0.001 |
South East | 3112 | 38.3 | 0.42 (0.33-0.54) | <0.001 | 0.34 (2.22-3.70) | <0.001 | 20.6 | 2.07 (1.53-2.81) | 0.001 | 1.50 (1.10-2.05) | 0.010 |
South West | 5019 | 50.2 | 0.68 (0.52-0.90) | 0.007 | 0.35 (1.25-2.16) | <0.001 | 19.5 | 1.94 (1.44-2.62) | 0.001 | 1.45 (1.06-1.98) | 0.020 |
South South | 2093 | 36.7 | 0.39 (0.30-0.50) | <0.001 | 0.61 (2.31-3.75) | <0.001 | 16.5 | 1.58 (1.18-2.13) | 0.002 | 1.03 (0.76-1.40) | 0.832 |
Individual | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Child age in months | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age of child (months) | 10225 | 37.7 | 1.00 (0.10-1.00) | 0.483 | Â | Â | 10.7 | 0.94 (0.93-0.96) | 0.001 | 0.94 (0.93-0.95) | <0.001 |
Birth order | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
First-born | 1953 | 34.4 | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â | 15.8 | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â |
2nd-4th | 4703 | 38.7 | 1.20 (1.06-1.36) | 0.003 | 1.26 (1.11-1.43) | <0.001 | 11.9 | 0.72 (0.60-0.86) | 0.001 | Â | Â |
5 or more | 3569 | 38.1 | 1.17 (1.03-1.33) | 0.016 | 1.41 (1.23-1.62) | <0.001 | 7.7 | 0.44 (0.37-0.54) | 0.001 | Â | Â |
Preceding birth interval | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
No previous birth | 1953 | 34.4 | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â | 15.8 | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
<24Â months | 1591 | 36.5 | 1.09 (0.93-1.28) | 0.261 | 1.13 (0.95.1.34) | 0.159 | 11.7 | 0.71 (0.56-0.90) | 0.004 | 0.79 (0.62-1.02) | 0.074 |
≥24 months | 6668 | 38.9 | 1.21 (1.08-1.36) | 0.001 | 1.25 (1.09-1.44) | 0.001 | 9.7 | 0.57 (0.48-0.67) | 0.001 | 0.68 (0.57-0.82) | <0.001 |
Health service | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Combined place and mode of delivery | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Home | 6563 | 37.7 | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â | 13.1 | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
Health facility, non-caesarean | 3481 | 37.9 | 1.60 (1.41-1.82) | <0.001 | 1.26 (1.09-1.44) | 0.001 | 10.9 | 3.02 (1.63-5.58) | <0.001 | 1.10 (0.91-1.32) | 0.322 |
Health facility, caesarean | 175 | 25.5 | 0.66 (0.43-1.02) | 0.063 | 0.48 (0.31-0.75) | 0.001 | 28.8 | 8.78 (4.53-17.01) | <0.001 | 1.88 (1.23-2.89) | 0.004 |
Antenatal Clinic visits | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
None | 4594 | 35.1 | 1.00 | Â | Â | Â | 6.0 | 1.00 | Â | 1.00 | Â |
1-3 | 1084 | 39.6 | 1.21 (1.01-1.45) | 0.037 | Â | Â | 11.9 | 2.12 (1.66-2.71) | 0.001 | 1.37 (1.05-1.77) | 0.018 |
≥4 | 4547 | 39.9 | 1.23 (1.08-1.40) | 0.002 |  |  | 16.3 | 3.05 (2.54-3.68) | 0.001 | 1.49 (1.22-1.82) | <0.001 |