Table 1 Characteristics of the South Asian Immigrants in Abu Dhabi, UAE 2012
India (n = 433) | Pakistan (n = 383) | Bangladesh (n = 559) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | Mean (± SD) | Mean (± SD) | Mean (± SD) |
Age (mean) years | 36.3 (±10.1) | 34.8 (±10.7) | 31.7 (±8.5) |
Education (%) | |||
None | 3.1 | 23.9 | 12.9 |
Primary or middle | 23.3 | 31.4 | 46.0 |
Secondary or high school | 36.9 | 28.3 | 27.6 |
College or university | 36.7 | 16.4 | 13.5 |
Income in Emirati Driham (AED) per month, median | 1500 | 1500 | 1000 |
Immigrated from a rural village (%) | 64.3 | 56.7 | 83.2 |
Married (%) | 78.5 | 75.3 | 60.1 |
Do not live with immediate family (%) | 88.6 | 88.4 | 81.0 |
Type of accommodation (%) | |||
Shared with non-relatives | 51.4 | 41.1 | 58.6 |
Shared with family | 10.5 | 15.0 | 7.8 |
Single accommodation | 13.3 | 11.1 | 8.9 |
Live with sponsor | 13.3 | 16.7 | 12.2 |
Live in a labor camp | 11.5 | 16.1 | 12.4 |
Years in UAE (mean) | 10.3 (±8.6) | 11.7 (±9.9) | 8.2 (±6.8) |
Occupation (%) | |||
Driver | 21.5 | 33.9 | 19.2 |
Laborer | 14.1 | 12.8 | 20.3 |
Construction worker | 12.6 | 8.3 | 13.1 |
Agriculture worker | 8.2 | 25.0 | 20.5 |
Salesman | 12.6 | 3.1 | 3.3 |
Professional, office worker | 10.8 | 6.7 | 3.6 |
Business shop keeper | 5.4 | 4.2 | 4.0 |
Hospitality worker (cook, waiter) | 8.2 | 0.8 | 6.5 |
Tailor | 3.6 | 1.9 | 6.8 |
Other | 3.1 | 3.3 | 2.7 |
Family history of hypertension (%) | 14.8 | 15 | 23.2 |
Family history of diabetes (%) | 15.9 | 8.1 | 8.9 |
Body mass index (kg/m2), mean | 25.1 (±4.8) | 25.4 (±5.2) | 23.9 (±4.1) |
Waist-to-hip ratio, mean | 0.93 (±0.08) | 0.93 (±0.09) | 0.92 (±0.31) |
Waist circumference (cm), mean | 89.7 (±10.3) | 92.7 (±13.7) | 85.9 (±10.5) |
Smoking (%) | 34.3 | 35.8 | 49.1 |
Smokeless tobacco (%) | 5.2 | 11.1 | 15.6 |
Exposure to 2ndhand tobacco (%) | 40.7 | 49.7 | 46.7 |
Drinking alcohol (ever %) | 20.1 | 3.1 | 7.8 |
Walk 7 days a week for at least 30 minutes a day (%) | 81.1 | 85.9 | 77.2 |
Reported vigorous physical activity ≥1 day in during last 7 days (%) | 17.1 | 18.8 | 18.6 |
Reported moderate physical activity ≥1 day in during last 7 days (%) | 20.5 | 18.9 | 37.0 |
Blood pressure (BP) measurement (never %) | 57.3 | 62.7 | 68.8 |
Hypertension (BP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg or using antihypertensive drugs (%) | 34.5 | 28.2 | 28.8 |
Physician diagnosed diabetes (%) | 10.8 | 6.5 | 6.8 |
Glycosylated hemoglobin or HbA1c ≥ 6.5% | 5.8 (±1.1) | 5.7 (±1.7) | 5.9 (±1.3) |