Don't worry, be happy: cross-sectional associations between physical activity and happiness in 15 European countries

Table 3 Multiple binary logistic regression of probability of being happy (n = 11,637) ¹

	Unadjusted OR	Adjusted OR
Physical activity volume (reference: inactive)²
Insufficient physical activity	1.34(1.12-1.60)*	*1.20(1.03-1.39)**
Sufficient physical activity	1.68(1.40-2.02)*	1.29(1.11-1.49)**
Very active	2.21(1.89-2.58)*	1.52(1.28-1.80)*
Intensity specific physical activity (unit: hours)³
Vigorous-intensity	1.07(1.05-1.09)*	*1.03(1.01-1.05)**
Moderate-intensity	1.04(1.03-1.06)*	1.01(0.99-1.03)
Walking	1.03(1.02-1.05)*	*1.02(1.00-1.03)**
Physical activity domain ⁴
Vocation physical activity level (reference: little/none)⁵
Some	1.38(1.18-1.61)*	1.39(1.15-1.67)**
A lot	1.37(1.18-1.60)*	1.33(1.08-1.64)**
Transport physical activity level (reference: little/none)
Some	1.15(1.05-1.27)*	1.03(0.91-1.16)
A lot	1.49(1.29-1.72)*	1.07(0.89-1.29)
Domestic physical activity level (reference: little/none)
Some	1.34(1.21-1.48)*	1.36(1.20-1.53)*
A lot	1.52(1.34-1.72)*	1.42(1.20-1.68)*
Leisure physical activity level (reference: little/none)
Some	1.65(1.50-1.81)*	1.14(0.95-1.36)
A lot	2.24(1.94-2.59)*	*1.15(1.02-1.30)**

¹All participants who had no physical activity data or were “severely restricted to physical activities” were excluded.
²Adjusted for sex, age, country, general health, relationship status, employment status, age finished full-time education.
³Adjusted for sex, age, country, general health, relationship status, employment status, age finished full-time education, other categories of physical activity intensity.
⁴Adjusted in separate models for sex, age, country, general health, relationship status, employment status, age finished full-time education, physical activity volume.
⁵Only participants reporting current employment were included in the vocational analysis (n = 5,816).
Statistical significance: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

ISSN: 1471-2458