Table 3 Prenatal characteristics by maternal socioeconomic status (SES)
From: Maternal socioeconomic status and the risk of asthma among offspring
Total | Upper white-collar worker n(%) | Lower white-collar worker n(%) | Blue-collar worker n(%) | Other n(%) | Missing n(%) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primiparous | 16 326(40.7) | 2346 (40.9) | 6006(40.7) | 3221(40.2) | 3572(38.4) | 1181(50.8) | |
Multiparous | 23 792(59.5) | 3388(59.1) | 8757(59.3) | 4784(59.8) | 5720(61.6) | 1143(49.2) | <0.001 |
Gestational diabetes mellitus | 2762(6.9) | 350(6.1) | 1086(7.4) | 565(7.1) | 540(5.8) | 221(9.5) | <0.001 |
Pre-eclampsia | 1466(3.7) | 175(3.1) | 593(4.0) | 325(4.1) | 297(3.2) | 76(3.3) | <0.001 |
Fear of childbirth* | 625(1.6) | 98(1.7) | 242(1.6) | 83(1.0) | 152(1.6) | 50(2.2) | <0.001 |
Parental smoking** | |||||||
Non-smoking | 20 455(55.0) | 3919(72.5) | 7946(57.3) | 3352(44.5) | 4382(51.0) | 856(47.6) | |
Maternal/paternal smoking | 9625(25.9) | 1060(19.6) | 3716(26.8) | 2193(29.1) | 2197(25.5) | 459(25.5) | |
Smoking | 7118(19.1) | 425(7.9) | 2195(15.8) | 1993(26.4) | 2020(23.5) | 485(26.9) | <0.001 |
Mode of delivery | |||||||
Vaginal | 33 280(83.0) | 4685(81.7) | 12 138(82.2) | 6629(82.8) | 7929(85.3) | 1899(82.0) | |
Elective cesarean | 3176(7.9) | 527(9.2) | 1226(8.3) | 599(7.5) | 624(6.7) | 200(8.6) | |
Cesarean section during labour | 3654(9.1) | 522(9.1) | 1399(9.5) | 777(9.7) | 739(8.0) | 217(9.4) | <0.001 |
Sex of child, Boy | 20 461(51.0) | 2940(51.3) | 7550(51.1) | 3995(49.9) | 4753(51.2) | 1223(52.6) | 0.155 |
Gestatonal age at birth, weeks | |||||||
<37 | 2325(5.5) | 290(5.1) | 854(5.8) | 491(6.1) | 515(5.5) | 175(7.5) | |
37-40 | 27 977(69.7) | 4103(71.6) | 10 334(70.0) | 5456(68.2) | 6487(69.8) | 1597(68.7) | |
≥41 | 9813(24.5) | 1340(23.4) | 3575(24.2) | 2056(25.7) | 2290(24.6) | 552(23.8) | <0.001 |
Mean birth weight, grams*** | 3517(589) | 3541(560) | 3525(587) | 3496(602) | 3523(584) | 3457(642) | 0.001 |
Apgar score <7 at 5 min | 689(1.7) | 91(1.6) | 246(1.7) | 144(1.8) | 152(1.6) | 56(2.4) | 0.089 |
Care in Intensive Care Unit(NICU) | 3466(8.6) | 517(9.0) | 1298(8.8) | 701(8.8) | 729(7.8) | 221(9.5) | 0.024 |
Placental abruption | 257(0.6) | 38(0.7) | 74(0.5) | 71(0.9) | 54(0.6) | 20(0.9) | 0.006 |
Birth weight <2500 g | 1703(4.2) | 193(3.4) | 606(4.1) | 375(4.7) | 381(4.1) | 148(6.4) | <0.001 |
Small for gestational age | 3832(9.6) | 500(8.7) | 1316(8.9) | 882(11.0) | 867(9.3) | 267(11.6) | <0.001 |
Total | 40 118(100) | 5734(14.3) | 14 763 (36.8) | 8005 (20.0) | 9292(23.2) | 2324 (5.8) |