Table 1 Characteristics of cases and controls for Chinese men and women aged 60 years and over from Hong Kong in 1998
Men | Women | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases | Controls | Cases | Controls | ||||||
Cause of death | Cause of death | ||||||||
Characteristic | IHD | COPD | Living | Dead – Non-vascular, non-respiratory and non-alcohol related deaths* | IHD | COPD | Living | Dead – Non-vascular, non-respiratory and non-alcohol related deaths* | |
N | 1174 | 985 | 3274 | 4879 | 1096 | 456 | 7046 | 4164 | |
Age | Mean | 75.6 | 76.5 | 73.6 | 73.9 | 80.2 | 80.6 | 71.0 | 77.7 |
(standard error) | (0.24) | (0.25) | (0.14) | (0.12) | (0.26) | (0.37) | (0.09) | (0.14) | |
Education | No formal (%) | 25 | 33 | 26 | 28 | 69 | 70 | 57 | 65 |
Primary (%) | 49 | 49 | 49 | 48 | 22 | 24 | 33 | 26 | |
Secondary (%) | 26 | 18 | 24 | 24 | 9 | 6 | 10 | 9 | |
Job type | Non-economically active (%) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 48 | 48 | 46 | 43 |
Sedentary (%) | 20 | 14 | 17 | 16 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | |
Light (%) | 23 | 18 | 20 | 18 | 23 | 18 | 20 | 22 | |
Moderate (%) | 40 | 44 | 41 | 43 | 17 | 20 | 19 | 21 | |
Heavy (%) | 16 | 23 | 21 | 22 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 9 | |
Birthplace | Hong Kong (%) | 14 | 9 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
10 years previously | |||||||||
Exercise | None or <1/month (%) | 65 | 76 | 57 | 68 | 64 | 73 | 55 | 65 |
Smoking | Never (%) | 37 | 14 | 39 | 29 | 79 | 40 | 86 | 77 |
Amount unknown (%) | 3 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 1 | |
<1/day (%) | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
1–14/day (%) | 27 | 29 | 29 | 26 | 12 | 30 | 9 | 13 | |
15–24/day (%) | 21 | 36 | 23 | 31 | 4 | 18 | 3 | 6 | |
25+/day (%) | 9 | 16 | 6 | 11 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 2 | |
Alcohol use | Never (%) | 57 | 52 | 47 | 46 | 88 | 82 | 88 | 88 |
Occasional (%) | 11 | 10 | 16 | 13 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 6 | |
Moderate (%) | 12 | 14 | 21 | 17 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 2 | |
High (%) | 7 | 10 | 8 | 12 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
Ex-drinker (%) | 13 | 13 | 8 | 12 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 3 | |
Mean alcohol per occasion (grams of ethanol) | |||||||||
Occasional | 19.6 | 22.5 | 19.0 | 21.1 | 16.4 | 21.0 | 13.7 | 17.4 | |
(standard error) | (2.44) | (3.13) | (1.12) | (1.35) | (2.21) | (3.64) | (0.62) | (1.51) | |
Moderate | 15.6 | 17.1 | 15.5 | 16.0 | 7.4 | 6.0 | 7.6 | 7.8 | |
(standard error) | (0.70) | (0.69) | (0.31) | (0.29) | (0.75) | (0.16) | (0.21) | (0.32) | |
High | 118.7 | 116.7 | 108.1 | 106.1 | 30.8 | 48.1 | 50.2 | 54.8 | |
(standard error) | (9.39) | (7.99) | (4.92) | (3.18) | (4.74) | (9.30) | (4.92) | (7.01) | |
Ex-drinker | 38.8 | 48.5 | 36.1 | 44.5 | 16.9 | 39.4 | 20.8 | 24.9 | |
(standard error) | (4.21) | (6.08) | (2.79) | (2.82) | (3.76) | (11.3) | (3.46) | (4.10) | |
Main type of alcohol in current-drinkers (n) | 349 | 338 | 1456 | 2026 | 93 | 53 | 718 | 390 | |
Beer (%) | 30 | 18 | 29 | 21 | 15 | 4 | 19 | 12 | |
Western table/grape wine (%) | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 4 | |
Sprits (%) | 21 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 20 | 34 | 21 | 21 | |
Chinese wine (%) | 16 | 27 | 15 | 20 | 10 | 11 | 9 | 15 | |
Medicinal wine (%) | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 26 | 21 | 22 | 22 | |
Various wines (%) | 24 | 30 | 30 | 34 | 22 | 26 | 25 | 26 | |