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Table 2 Hazard ratios for the different transitions for men and women, based on the Framingham Heart Study based on the pooled dataset

From: Living healthier for longer: Comparative effects of three heart-healthy behaviors on life expectancy with and without cardiovascular disease

 

No CVD to CVD

No CVD to death

CVD to death

Number of events

1698

  

739

  

1465

  

Person years

65685.47

  

65685.47

  

18139.31

  
 

Model 1

HR (95% CI)

Adj. for age+sex

Model 2

HR (95% CI)

+ confounders*

Model 3

HR (95% CI)

+ intermediates†

Model 1

HR (95% CI)

Adj. for age+sex

Model 2

HR (95% CI)

+ confounders*

Model 3

HR (95% CI)

+ intermediates†

Model 1

HR (95% CI)

Adj. for age+sex

Model 2

HR (95% CI)

+ confounders*

Model 3

HR (95% CI)

+ intermediates†

Physical activity

         

Low

1

 

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Mod

0.93 (0.82;1.05)

0.95 (0.84;1.07)

0.98 (0.87;1.10)

0.75 (0.63;0.91)

0.77 (0.64;0.92)

0.78 (0.65;0.93)

0.93 (0.82;1.05)

0.96 (0.85;1.09)

0.98 (0.86;1.11)

High

0.75 (0.66;0.85)

0.78 (069;0.89)

0.81 (0.71;0.92)

0.68 (0.56;0.82)

0.69 (0.57;0.85)

0.71 (0.58;0.86)

0.67 (0.58;0.77)

0.74 (0.64;0.85)

0.76 (0.66;0.87)

Smoking Men

         

Current

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Former

0.74 (0.60;0.91)

0.73 (0.59;0.90)

0.73 (0.59;0.90)

0.54 (0.44;0.66)

0.56 (0.46;0.68)

0.56 (0.46;0.68)

0.76 (0.66;0.88)

0.77 (0.67:0.90)

0.77 (0.67:0.90)

Never

0.66 (0.56;0.77)

0.63 (0.54;0.74)

0.63 (0.54;0.74)

0.67 (0.56;0.81)

0.69 (0.57;0.83)

0.69 (0.57;0.83)

0.73 (0.64;0.83)

0.82 (0.71;0.94)

0.82 (0.71;0.94)

Smoking Women

         

Current

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Former

0.92 (0.78;1.09)

0.83 (0.70;0.99)

0.83 (0.70;0.99)

0.54 (0.44;0.66)

0.56 (0.46;0.68)

0.56 (0.46;0.68)

0.76 (0.66;0.88)

0.77 (0.67:0.90)

0.77 (0.67:0.90)

Never

0.93 (0.76;1.14)

0.89 (0.72;1.08)

0.89 (0.72;1.08)

0.67 (0.56;0.81)

0.69 (0.57;0.83)

0.69 (0.57;0.83)

0.73 (0.64;0.83)

0.82 (0.71;0.94)

0.82 (0.71;0.94)

BMI

         

Obese

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

 

Overweight

0.86 (0.75;0.98)

0.86 (0.75;0.98)

0.92 (0.81;1.05)

0.81 (0.65;1.01)

0.80 (0.64;1.00)

0.83 (0.66;1.04))

0.93 (0.80;1.08)

0.93 (0.80;1.08)

0.96 (0.83;1.11)

Normal weight

0.69 (0.60;0.79)

0.69 (0.59;0.79)

0.79 (0.69;0.92)

0.99 (0.79;1.22)

0.95 (0.76;1.18)

0.99 (0.79:1.23)

1.10 (0.95;1.29)

1.10 (0.94;1.27)

1.13 (0.97;1.31)

  1. *Corrected for (co) morbidity (any of the following diseases: cancer, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular hypertrophy, arthritis, ankle edema or any pulmonary disease), and the start of follow-up (exam 4, 11/12 or 19/20). Physical activity is additionally corrected for smoking. Smoking is additionally corrected for physical activity, BMI and hypertension, and BMI is additionally corrected for smoking.
  2. † Corrected for (co) morbidity (any of the following diseases: cancer, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular hypertrophy, arthritis, ankle edema or any pulmonary disease), and the start of follow-up exam 4, 11/12 or 19/20), and all other health behaviors and blood pressure. For smoking this is the same model as model 2.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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