Table 3 Correlation between Maternal Mortality Ratio and country indicators
From: Factors associated with maternal mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa: an ecological study
Indicator | N | r* | p |
|---|---|---|---|
Maternal mortality (deaths per 100 000 live births) | 43 | 1 | |
HEALTH CARE SYSTEM-RELATED | |||
Infant mortality (deaths per 1000 live births) | 43 | 0,815 | < 0,001 |
Antenatal care coverage (%) | 42 | -0,413 | 0,006 |
Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) | 43 | -0,572 | < 0,001 |
Access to an improved water source (%) | 43 | -0,399 | 0,008 |
Access to improved sanitation (%) | 43 | -0,261 | 0,091 |
EDUCATIONAL | |||
Adult literacy rate (%) | 39 | -0,517 | < 0,001 |
Contraceptive prevalence (%) | 42 | -0,622 | < 0,001 |
Ratio of female rate to male rate (%) | 39 | -0,485 | 0,002 |
Primary enrolment rate (%) | 37 | -0,386 | 0,018 |
Primary enrolment rate, female (%) | 33 | -0,435 | 0,012 |
Education index (%) | 43 | -0,534 | < 0,001 |
ECONOMICAL | |||
Public expenditure on health (%GNP) | 43 | -0,109 | 0,488 |
Public expenditure on education (%GNP) | 39 | -0,242 | 0,138 |
Gross National Income per capita ($) | 43 | -0,456 | 0,002 |
External resources for Health (%) | 43 | 0,266 | 0,085 |
Government expenditure on Health (%) | 43 | -0,12 | 0,442 |
Out-of-pocket expenditure on Health (%) | 43 | 0,365 | 0,016 |
Per-capita government expenditure on health ($) | 43 | -0,452 | 0,002 |