Table 1 Analytical studies investigating the relation between long-term PM exposure and total mortality.
From: Long-term particulate matter exposure and mortality: a review of European epidemiological studies
Reference, Study design, Country | Sex, age at enrolment | Number of deaths | Risk indicator, measurement unit | Relative risk (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Hoek et al., 2002, NLCS cohort, the Netherlands | MF, 55-69 | 489 | - Model 1a | - Model 1a |
BS, 10 μg/m3 | 1.04 (0.65-1.64) | |||
Living near a major road | 1.53 (1.01-2.33) | |||
- Model 2b | - Model 2b | |||
BS, 10 μg/m3 | 1.31 (0.95-1.80) | |||
Beelen et al., 2007, NLCS cohort, the Netherlands | MF, 55-69 | 17,674 | - Model 3c | - Model 3c |
BS, 10 μg/m3 | 1.05 (1.00-1.10) | |||
Filleul et al., 2005, PAARC cohort, France | MF, 25-59 | 2396 | TSP, 10 μg/m3 (24 areas) | 1.00 (0.99-1.01) |
TSP, 10 μg/m3 (18 areas)d | 1.05 (1.02-1.08) | |||
BS, 10 μg/m3 (24 areas) | 0.99 (0.98-1.01) | |||
BS, 10 μg/m3 (18 areas)d | 1.07 (1.03-1.10) | |||
Gehring et al., 2006, cohort, Germany | F, 50-59 | 399 | Average 1-year concentration PM10, 7 μg/m3 | 1.08 (0.94-1.25) |
Average 5-year concentration PM10, 7 μg/m3 | 1.13 (0.99-1.30) | |||
Naess et al., 2007a, cohort, Norway | M, 51-70 | NA | PM2.5, quartile 4 vs 1 | 1.44 (1.32-1.58) |
F, 51-70 | NA | PM2.5, quartile 4 vs 1 | 1.41 (1.27-1.43) | |
M, 71-90 | NA | PM2.5, quartile 4 vs 1 | 1.18 (1.10-1.26) | |
F, 71-90 | NA | PM2.5, quartile 4 vs 1 | 1.11 (1.05-1.17) |