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Table 2 Recovery of bacteria colonies (numbers represent colony count units) from used university football pads before and after treatment with chlorine dioxide.

From: Disinfection of football protective equipment using chlorine dioxide produced by the ICA TriNova system

 

Shoulder Pad-Hard Surface

Shoulder Pad-Soft Surface

Helmet-Soft Surface

Set

Before

After

Before

After

Before

After

1

20

0

800

5

3

3

2

100

3

5,600

500

50

0

3

40

4

4,000

40

1

1

4

200

5

300

50

3

0

5

20

0

5,600

500

5

1

6

20

3

500

150

5

0

7

20

0

200

2

1

0

8

200

0

800

30

10

0

9

50

1

5,600

150

150

1

10

300

5

1,400

15

0

0

11

30

1

5,600

2

40

1

12

60

1

1,600

40

10

1

13

30

2

1,100

4

10

1

14

60

30

1,600

15

10

1

15

50

50*

5,600

500

10

1

t-test

p = 0.003

p < 0.001

p = 0.056

U-test

p < 0.003

p < 0.001

p < 0.00

  1. * The greater number of recoverable bacteria was most likely a reflection of pad placement such that ClO2 gas did not get good access to the treatment site.