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Table 3 Adjusted oddsa of growth deficiencies among US military family infants born after in utero exposure to stress

From: Does acute maternal stress in pregnancy affect infant health outcomes? Examination of a large cohort of infants born after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001

Characteristic

All infants

n = 164743

Infants with growth deficiencies in uterob

n = 2551

Infants with growth deficiencies in infancyc

n = 6407

 

n

(%)

n

(%)

OR [95% CI]

n

(%)

OR [95% CI]

In utero exposure to September 11, 2001d

        

   No

111413

(67.6)

1723

(67.5)

1.00

4334

(67.6)

1.00

   Yes

53330

(32.4)

828

(32.5)

1.00 [0.92, 1.09]

2073

(32.4)

1.00 [0.95, 1.06]

Maternal age

        

   <35 years

151571

(92.0)

2364

(92.7)

1.00

5779

(90.2)

1.00

   ≥ 35 years

13172

(8.0)

187

(7.3)

1.00 [0.85, 1.16]

628

(9.8)

1.21 [1.11, 1.32]

Maternal military status

        

   Civilian/married to active duty

133152

(80.8)

1904

(74.6)

1.00

5581

(87.1)

1.00

   Active duty

31591

(19.2)

647

(25.4)

1.27 [1.15, 1.40]

826

(12.9)

0.65 [0.61, 0.71]

Military parent's education level

        

   Bachelor's or above

30097

(18.3)

355

(13.9)

1.00

1346

(21.0)

1.00

   Some college

6715

(4.1)

85

(3.3)

0.95 [0.70, 1.28]

251

(3.9)

0.92 [0.77, 1.10]

   High school or less

127931

(77.7)

2111

(82.8)

1.15 [0.91, 1.45]

4810

(75.1)

0.96 [0.84, 1.10]

Military parent's race/ethnicity

        

   White/non-Hispanic

108252

(65.7)

1384

(54.3)

1.00

4570

(71.3)

1.00

   Black/non-Hispanic

30300

(18.4)

704

(27.6)

1.69 [1.53, 1.86]

988

(15.4)

0.84 [0.78, 0.90]

   Hispanic

16097

(9.8)

259

(10.2)

1.19 [1.04, 1.36]

512

(8.0)

0.77 [0.70, 0.85]

   Asian/Pacific Islander

6183

(3.8)

137

(5.4)

1.65 [1.38, 1.97]

211

(3.3)

0.84 [0.73, 0.97]

   Other

3911

(2.4)

67

(2.6)

1.28 [1.00, 1.64]

126

(2.0)

0.79 [0.66, 0.95]

Military parent's service branch

        

   Army

61822

(37.5)

927

(36.3)

1.00

2452

(38.3)

1.00

   Navy/Coast Guard

41294

(25.1)

759

(29.8)

1.23 [1.11, 1.35]

1482

(23.1)

0.91 [0.85, 0.97]

   Air Force

42103

(25.6)

574

(22.5)

0.98 [0.88, 1.09]

1614

(25.2)

0.94 [0.88,1.01]

   Marine Corps

19524

(11.9)

291

(11.4)

1.06 [0.92, 1.21]

859

(13.4)

1.08 [1.00,1.17]

Military parent's pay grade

        

   Officer

27752

(16.8)

320

(12.5)

1.00

1256

(19.6)

1.00

   Enlisted

136991

(83.2)

2231

(87.5)

1.09 [0.86, 1.39]

5151

(80.4)

0.94 [0.82, 1.09]

Military parent's occupation

        

   All others

115269

(70.0)

1828

(71.7)

1.00

4412

(68.9)

1.00

   Health care specialists

14366

(8.7)

236

(9.3)

1.02 [0.89, 1.18]

502

(7.8)

0.97 [0.88, 1.07]

   Combat specialists

35108

(21.3)

487

(19.1)

1.01 [0.91, 1.12]

1493

(23.3)

1.01 [0.95, 1.07]

  1. aBased on multivariable logistic regression.
  2. bDefined using ICD-9-CM codes 764.0, 764.1, 764.2, and 764.9.
  3. cDefined using ICD-9-CM codes 783.40, 783.41, 783.43, and 783.4.
  4. dExposed infants were in utero from 0 to 36 weeks estimated gestational age (EGA) on September 11, 2001. Unexposed infants were in utero from 0 to 36 weeks EGA on September 11, 2000, or September 11, 2002.
  5. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
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