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Table 2 Adjusted oddsa of preterm birth among US military family infants born after in utero exposure to stress

From: Does acute maternal stress in pregnancy affect infant health outcomes? Examination of a large cohort of infants born after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001

Characteristic

All infants

n = 164743

Infants born pretermb

n = 11453

OR [95% CI]

 

n

%

n

%

 

In utero exposure to September 11, 2001c

     

   No

111413

(67.6)

7692

(67.2)

1.00

   Yes

53330

(32.4)

3761

(32.8)

1.02 [0.98,1.06]

Maternal age

     

   <35 years

151571

(92.0)

10429

(91.1)

1.00

   ≥ 35 years

13172

(8.0)

1024

(8.9)

1.22 [1.14, 1.31]

Maternal military status

     

   Civilian/married to active duty

133152

(80.8)

9125

(79.7)

1.00

   Active duty

31591

(19.2)

2328

(20.3)

1.02 [0.97, 1.07]

Military parent's education level

     

   Bachelor's or above

30097

(18.3)

1761

(15.4)

1.00

   Some college

6715

(4.1)

467

(4.1)

1.09 [0.95, 1.25]

   High school or less

127931

(77.7)

9225

(80.5)

1.10 [0.99, 1.23]

Military parent's race/ethnicity

     

   White/non-Hispanic

108252

(65.7)

7172

(62.6)

1.00

   Black/non-Hispanic

30300

(18.4)

2670

(23.3)

1.30 [1.24, 1.37]

   Hispanic

16097

(9.8)

985

(8.6)

0.88 [0.82, 0.95]

   Asian/Pacific Islander

6183

(3.8)

388

(3.4)

0.91 [0.82, 1.02]

   Other

3911

(2.4)

238

(2.1)

0.89 [0.77, 1.01]

Military parent's service branch

     

   Army

61822

(37.5)

4412

(38.5)

1.00

   Navy/Coast Guard

41294

(25.1)

3031

(26.5)

1.03 [0.99, 1.09]

   Air Force

42103

(25.6)

2630

(23.0)

0.89 [0.85, 0.94]

   Marine Corps

19524

(11.9)

1380

(12.0)

1.01 [0.95, 1.08]

Military parent's pay grade

     

   Officer

27752

(16.8)

1601

(14.0)

1.00

   Enlisted

136991

(83.2)

9852

(86.0)

1.14 [1.02, 1.27]

Military parent's occupation

     

   All others

115269

(70.0)

8150

(71.2)

1.00

   Health care specialists

14366

(8.7)

985

(8.6)

1.01 [0.94,1.03]

   Combat specialists

35108

(21.3)

2318

(20.2)

0.98 [0.94,1.04]

  1. aBased on multivariable logistic regression.
  2. b Defined as estimated gestational age (EGA) less than 37 completed weeks.
  3. cExposed infants were in utero from 0 to 36 weeks EGA on September 11, 2001.
  4. Unexposed infants were in utero from 0 to 36 weeks EGA on September 11, 2000 or September 11, 2002.
  5. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
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