From: Prevalence and correlates of vitamin D status in African American men
Distribution (%) | Mean 25(OH)D (ng/mL)2 | 25(OH)D <15 ng/mL (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Plasma 25(OH)D (ng/mL) | -- | -- | |
Mean (SD) | 13.7 (6.1) | ||
<10 | 34 | ||
10–<15 | 27 | ||
≥ 15 | 39 | ||
Age (years) | |||
Mean (SD) | 49.6 (8.4) | ||
35–44 | 29 | 13.1 | 65 |
45–54 | 45 | 13.4 | 61 |
55–74 | 26 | 14.7 | 58 |
Level of education | |||
high school graduate | 21 | 13.8 | 56 |
some college | 42 | 13.5 | 63 |
college graduate | 22 | 14.3 | 57 |
graduate degree | 15 | 13.1 | 69 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||
Mean (SD) | 29.6 (5.4) | ||
<25 | 15 | 15.0a | 50 |
25–<30 | 46 | 14.0ab | 57 |
30–<35 | 26 | 13.2ab | 67 |
≥ 35 | 13 | 11.5b | 76 |
Recreational physical activity (hours/week) | |||
Mean or median | 2.3 (2.1) | ||
≤ 1 | 42 | 12.7a | 74a |
>1–3 | 34 | 14.6b | 48b |
>3 | 24 | 15.4b | 45b |
Occupational sun exposure | |||
Indoor | 35 | 13.9ab | 58 |
Mixed/Outdoor | 18 | 12.0a | 68 |
Unknown occupation | 28 | 13.2ab | 67 |
Not currently working | 20 | 15.5b | 53 |
Smoking status | |||
Never | 62 | 14.2 | 57 |
Former | 23 | 13.5 | 69 |
Current | 15 | 12.0 | 67 |
Total vitamin D (IU/day) | |||
Mean (SD) | 371 (331) | ||
<200 | 45 | 12.2a | 68 |
200–<400 | 21 | 14.4ab | 58 |
≥ 400 | 35 | 15.0b | 55 |
Dietary vitamin D (IU/day) | |||
Mean (SD) | 181 (114) | ||
<200 | 70 | 13.4 | 64 |
200–<400 | 24 | 14.2 | 59 |
≥ 400 | 7 | 14.3 | 46 |
Milk intake (8 oz glasses/week) | |||
Median (1st, 3rd quartile) | 1 (0.5–3) | ||
<1 | 44 | 13.0 | 69a |
1–<3.5 | 38 | 13.7 | 60ab |
≥ 3.5 | 18 | 15.2 | 46b |
Cereal intake (cups/week) | |||
0 | 22 | 12.6a | 62 |
≤ 1 | 41 | 13.1ab | 67 |
>1 | 37 | 14.9b | 54 |
Supplemental vitamin D (IU/day) | |||
0 | 55 | 11.9a | 73a |
≤ 400 | 32 | 15.8b | 46b |
>400 | 13 | 15.8b | 52b |
Season of blood collection | |||
Summer | 26 | 18.0a | 31a |
Fall | 24 | 13.8b | 61b |
Winter | 29 | 10.3c | 80c |
Spring | 21 | 12.7b | 73b |