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Table 4 Adjusted associated factors of sleep quality stratified by region and gender

From: Sleep quality in middle-aged and elderly Chinese: distribution, associated factors and associations with cardio-metabolic risk factors

 

Association with sleep quality (OR with 95% CI)

Variable

Beijing-Male

Shanghai-Male

Beijing-Female

Shanghai-Female

Residential location (rural vs. urban)

1.50 (0.92–2.45)

3.90 (2.06–7.39)*

0.68 (0.41–1.14)

0.86 (0.51–1.45)

Body Mass Index (BMI)

    

   normal vs. over weight

1.03 (0.73–1.47)

0.77 (0.53–1.11)

0.98 (0.73–1.32)

0.79 (0.60–1.05)

   under weight vs. over weight

0.21 (0.08–0.57)*

1.27 (0.47–3.48)

0.42 (0.14–1.28)

0.91 (0.46–1.79)

Smoking

    

   current vs. never smoker

0.81 (0.52–1.27)

0.96 (0.62–1.48)

0.75 (0.47–1.22)

0.80 (0.24–2.66)

   former vs. never smoker

1.16 (0.69–1.95)

0.63 (0.36–1.08)

1.06 (0.52–2.18)

0.17 (0.01–2.75)

Alcohol drinking (no vs. yes)

0.84 (0.59–1.19)

0.86 (0.58–1.26)

1.20 (0.81–1.77)

0.88 (0.44–1.75)

Physical activity

    

   high vs. low

0.99 (0.50–1.98)

2.09 (1.02–4.30)*

0.77 (0.46–1.30)

0.98 (0.55–1.75)

   moderate vs. low

0.70 (0.34–1.42)

1.57 (0.75–3.31)

0.77 (0.45–1.32)

0.83 (0.45–1.50)

Educational level, years in school ‡

    

   group 1 vs. 3

1.70 (0.98–2.96)

0.74 (0.37–1.50)

1.26 (0.79–1.99)

0.91 (0.54–1.52)

   group 2 vs. 3

1.05 (0.68–1.62)

0.82 (0.50–1.35)

1.18 (0.78–1.81)

0.82 (0.55–1.22)

Marital status

(no spouse vs. spouse)

1.12 (0.64–1.96)

4.87 (2.12–11.19)*

1.30 (0.89–1.89)

1.08 (0.72–1.62)

Medical insurance (no vs. yes)

0.67 (0.42–1.09)

0.75 (0.44–1.28)

1.06 (0.66–1.71)

0.75 (0.48–1.16)

Employment

    

   employed vs. retired

0.82 (0.55–1.23)

1.10 (0.71–1.70)

1.34 (0.86–2.11)

0.93 (0.62–1.41)

   unemployed vs. retired

0.77 (0.46–1.27)

1.29 (0.75–2.19)

0.96 (0.64–1.44)

1.68 (1.05–2.68)*

Social activity (no vs. yes)

0.86 (0.60–1.22)

0.64 (0.44–0.93)*

0.82 (0.61–1.10)

0.99 (0.74–1.33)

Self rated health status

(good vs. not good)

2.18 (1.51–3.16)*

3.11 (2.00–4.83)*

2.36 (1.68–3.31)*

2.43 (1.75–3.39)*

Diabetes (no vs. yes)

1.05 (0.68–1.61)

0.78 (0.45–1.34)

1.15 (0.80–1.65)

1.11 (0.66–1.86)

CVD (no vs. yes)

1.78 (1.12–2.83)*

1.58 (0.85–2.96)

0.82 (0.53–1.25)

2.72 (1.47–5.04)*

Arthritis (no vs. yes)

1.74 (0.96–3.15)

0.56 (0.29–1.09)

1.35 (0.94–1.94)

1.31 (0.89–1.93)

Prostatism (no vs. yes)

1.17 (0.69–1.99)

1.72 (1.00–2.97)*

  

Depressive Symptoms

(no vs. yes)

3.13 (1.82–5.38)*

9.06 (3.50–23.49)*

4.34 (2.95–6.36)*

3.44 (1.77–6.66)*

Total hours of sleep/day

*

*

*

*

   <7 vs. 9< hrs

0.12 (0.06–0.23)*

0.11 (0.04–0.29)*

0.08 (0.04–0.14)*

0.08 (0.04–0.16)*

   7–9 vs. 9< hrs

0.66 (0.37–1.16)

0.61 (0.23–1.62)

0.64 (0.39–1.06)

0.45 (0.22–0.90)*

  1. Abbreviations: CES-D, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CVD, Cardio-Vascular Disease; OR, Odds ratio; CI, Confidence interval. *P < 0.05.
  2. ‡ Group 1, 2 and 3 for educational level are 0–6, 7–9 and ≥10 years in school respectively.