Table 1 Population characteristics in study
Characteristic | % (n/N) |
|---|---|
Dependent variables | Â |
   Never smokes | 84.5% (6809/7203) |
   Smokes occasionally | 6.7% (482/7203) |
   Smokes daily | 8.8% (632/7203) |
Demographics | Â |
Gender | Â |
   Boys | 49.9% (3612/7232) |
   Girls | 50.1% (3620 (7232) |
Family structure | Â |
   Lives with both parents | 70.3% (5141/7309) |
   Lives under other arrangements | 29.7% (2168/7309) |
Mother's education | Â |
   College or higher | 87.6% (6334/7227) |
   Secondary school or less | 12.4% (893/7227) |
Father's education | Â |
   College or higher | 90.7% (6577/7254) |
   Secondary school or less | 9.3% (677/7254) |
Family income | Â |
   Better off | 58.2% (4227/7263) |
   Worse off | 41.8% (3036/7263) |
Relationship with parents | Â |
Parental support (5 items, CA = .86) | Â |
   More support | 54.0% (3888/7195) |
   Less support | 46.0% (3307/7195) |
Time spent with parents (2 items, CA = .77) | Â |
   More time | 41.2% (2988/7244) |
   Less time | 58.8% (4256/7244) |
Parental control (9 items, CA = .81) | Â |
   More control | 44.0% (3120/7086) |
   Less control | 56.0% (3966/7086) |
Perceived parental reactions if one would smoke cigarettes | Â |
   Very much/much against | 91.8% (6506/7090) |
   Rather against/do not care | 8.2% (584/7090) |
Family conflict | Â |
Interparental serious verbal conflict | Â |
   Never | 77.1% (5726/7426) |
   Yes, at some point | 22.9% (1700/7426) |
Parent-adolescent serious verbal conflict | Â |
   Never | 63.2% (4695/7426) |
   Yes, at some point | 36.8% (2731/7426) |
Interparental violence | Â |
   Never | 93.6% (6949/7426) |
   Yes, at some point | 6.4% (477/7426) |
Parent-adolescent violence | Â |
   Never | 94.8% (7041/7426) |
   Yes, at some point | 5.2% (385/7426) |
Smoking of significant others | Â |
Father's smoking | Â |
   No | 71.2% (4373/6141) |
   Yes | 28.8% (1768/6141) |
Mother's smoking | Â |
   No | 72.7% (4562/6277) |
   Yes | 27.3% (1715/6277) |
Sibling's smoking | Â |
   No | 76.7% (4679/6099) |
   Yes | 23.3% (1420/6099) |
Peer group | Â |
Perceived respect from peers if I would smoke cigarettes | Â |
   Less respect | 93.5% (6831/7308) |
   More respect | 6.5% (477/7308) |
Friends cigarette smoking | Â |
   None | 41.4% (2952/7132) |
   Some-most-all | 58.6% (4180/7132) |
Participant social characteristics | Â |
Physical activity (3 items, CA = .68) | Â |
   More active | 42.7% (2975/6962) |
   Less active | 57.3% (3987/6962) |
Healthy nutrition important | Â |
   Agrees | 87.9% (6119/6959) |
   Disagrees | 12.1% (840/6959) |
Academic Achievement (4 items, .80) | Â |
   Better half | 49.8% (3490/7007) |
   Poorer half | 50.2% (3517/7007) |
Alcohol consumption during last 30 days (Any consumption) | Â |
   No | 66.3% (4724/7128) |
   Yes | 33.7% (2404/7128) |
Smoke free tobacco use during last 30 days (chewing tobacco or snuff) | Â |
   No | 86.9% (6240/7181) |
   Yes | 13.1% (941/7181) |