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Table 4 Socioeconomic gradients in health-risk behaviour of females

From: Social inequalities in changes in health-related behaviour among Slovak adolescents aged between 15 and 19: A longitudinal study

Smoking

 

T1%

T2%

Sig.1

model 1 OR

95 % CI

p

model 2 OR

95 % CI

p

model 3 OR

95 % CI

p

Respondents' education level

Grammar

14.4

38.4

0.000

1

  

1

  

1

  
 

Specialised

17.5

40.5

0.000

1.27

(0.71–2.25)

 

1.10

(0.71–1.68)

 

1.04

(0.66–1.63)

 
 

Apprentice

22.9

45.9

0.000

1.77

(0.93–3.37)

 

1.36

(0.82–2.25)

 

1.19

(0.70–2.03)

 

Current employment status

Student

14.3

35.4

0.000

1

 

2

1

 

2

1

 

2

 

Employed

18.9

50.7

0.000

1.40

(0.72–2.73)

 

1.88

(1.19–3.15)

 

1.84

(1.06–3.17)

 
 

Unemployed

26.3

50.0

0.000

2.14

(1.26–3.64)

 

1.83

(1.18–2.83)

 

1.55

(0.97–2.48)

 

Parents' highest education level

High

18.3

48.1

0.000

1

  

1

 

2

1

 

2

 

Medium

18.7

38.8

0.000

1.03

(0.58–1.80)

 

0.65

(0.42–1.01)

 

0.61

(0.38–0.98)

 
 

Low

14.8

37.0

0.000

0.77

(0.39–1.54)

 

0.59

(0.34–0.99)

 

0.59

(0.34–1.03)

 

Parents' highest occupational level

High

20.1

49.6

0.000

1

  

1

  

1

  
 

Medium

17.4

39.0

0.000

0.84

(0.47–1.48)

 

0.68

(0.43–1.08)

 

0.69

(0.42–1.12)

 
 

Low

16.7

36.5

0.000

0.79

(0.44–1.43)

 

0.63

(0.40–1.01)

 

0.64

(0.39–1.06)

 

Alcohol consumption

 

T1%

T2%

Sig.1

model 1 OR

95 % CI

 

model 2 OR

95 % CI

 

model 3 OR

95 % CI

 

Respondents' education level

Grammar

9.6

24.7

0.001

1

  

1

 

2

1

 

2

 

Specialised

9.2

18.9

0.002

0.96

(0.47–1.95)

 

0.71

(0.43–1.17)

 

0.72

(0.43–1.19)

 
 

Apprentice

6.4

11.0

0.332

0.65

(0.25–1.66)

 

0.38

(0.19–0.77)

 

0.39

(0.19–0.78)

 

Current employment status

Student

10.2

19.1

0.002

1

  

1

  

1

  
 

Employed

2.7

21.6

0.001

0.24

(0.06–1.05)

 

1.17

(0.63–2.18)

 

1.24

(0.66–2.32)

 
 

Unemployed

8.8

16.7

0.078

0.85

(0.40–1.79)

 

0.85

(0.48–1.50)

 

0.85

(0.48–1.52)

 

Parents highest education level

High

14.2

25.4

0.021

1

  

1

2

 

1

 

2

 

Medium

7.3

19.2

0.001

0.48

(0.23–0.97)

 

0.59

(0.35–0.99)

 

0.61

(0.36–1.03)

 
 

Low

6.1

13.6

0.096

0.39

(0.16–1.01)

 

0.41

(0.21–0.81)

 

0.43

(0.22–0.85)

 

Parents highest occupational level

High

14.9

26.7

0.040

1

 

2

1

 

2

1

  
 

Medium

5.6

17.6

0.000

0.34

(0.15–0.75)

 

0.70

(0.41–1.20)

 

0.74

(0.43–1.28)

 
 

Low

7.4

13.0

0.089

0.46

(0.21–0.97)

 

0.46

(0.25–0.84)

 

0.48

(0.27–0.88)

 

Marijuana use

 

T1%

T2%

Sig.1

model 1 OR

95 % CI

 

model 2 OR

95 % CI

 

model 3 OR

95 % CI

 

Respondents' education level

Grammar

4.8

32.2

0.000

1

  

1

  

1

  
 

Specialised

4.8

28.2

0.000

1.01

(0.38–2.66)

 

0.83

(0.53–1.30)

 

0.82

(0.51–1.30)

 
 

Apprentice

6.5

22.0

0.000

1.38

(0.47–4.04)

 

0.60

(0.34–1.05)

 

0.55

(0.30–1.04)

 

Current employment status

Student

5.1

29.3

0.000

1

  

1

  

1

  
 

Employed

1.4

27.4

0.000

0.26

(0.33–1.96)

 

0.91

(0.52–1.62)

 

1.00

(0.56–1.79)

 
 

Unemployed

8.0

25.4

0.000

1.61

(0.68–3.79)

 

0.84

(0.51–1.35)

 

0.76

(0.45–1.27)

 

Parents highest education level

High

5.8

38.1

0.000

1

  

1

 

2

1

  
 

Medium

4.5

24.2

0.000

0.76

(0.29–2.00)

 

0.51

(0.32–0.81)

 

0.50

(0.31–0.81)

 
 

Low

6.1

23.6

0.000

1.06

(0.36–3.11)

 

0.42

(0.24–0.74)

 

0.39

(0.21–0.71)

 

Parents highest occupational level

High

6.7

40.0

0.000

1

  

1

 

2

1

 

2

 

Medium

5.1

25.3

0.000

0.74

(0.29–1.92)

 

0.52

(0.32–0.85)

 

0.52

(0.31–0.86)

 
 

Low

4.3

21.7

0.000

0.63

(0.23–1.73)

 

0.50

(0.30–0.83)

 

0.51

(0.30–0.86)

 

Insufficient physical activity

 

T1%

T2%

Sig.1

model 1 OR

95 % CI

 

model 2 OR

95 % CI

 

model 3 OR

95 % CI

 

Respondents' education level

Grammar

25.3

36.3

0.038

1

  

1

 

2

1

 

2

 

Specialised

23.7

42.1

0.000

0.91

(0.57–1.48)

 

1.28

(0.83–1.96)

 

1.32

(0.85–2.05)

 
 

Apprentice

33.9

56.0

0.001

1.51

(0.88–2.61)

 

2.23

(1.34–3.70)

 

2.13

(1.26–3.58)

 

Current employment status

Student

23.8

38.8

0.000

1

  

1

  

1

  
 

Employed

28.4

50.0

0.006

1.27

(0.72–2.25)

 

1.58

(0.95–2.64)

2

1.54

(0.91–2.61)

 
 

Unemployed

31.6

51.8

0.001

1.48

(0.92–2.38)

 

1.69

(1.10–2.62)

 

1.60

(1.02–2.51)

 

Parents' highest education level

High

24.2

36.6

0.067

1

  

1

 

2

1

 

2

 

Medium

27.2

43.8

0.000

1.18

(0.71–1.94)

 

1.51

(0.96–2.37)

 

1.49

(0.93–2.38)

 
 

Low

26.1

50.0

0.000

1.11

(0.61–2.00)

 

2.10

(1.24–3.56)

 

2.15

(1.25–4.71)

 

Parents' highest occupational level

High

24.6

34.2

0.021

1

  

1

 

2

1

 

2

 

Medium

30.9

43.9

0.008

1.37

(0.83–2.27)

 

1.35

(0.85–2.43)

 

1.28

(0.80–2.06)

 
 

Low

22.8

52.2

0.000

0.91

(0.53–1.55)

 

1.74

(1.09–2.77)

 

1.83

(1.13–2.97)

 
  1. 1) McNemar test
  2. 2) text in bold indicate that overall a variable contributes to the logistic model at p < 0.05
  3. Model 1 effect of SEP on HRB at T1
  4. Model 2 effect of SEP on HRB at T2
  5. Model 3 effect of SEP on HRB at T2 controlled for HRB at T1
  6. OR – odds ratio
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