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Table 3 Socioeconomic gradients in health-risk behaviour of males

From: Social inequalities in changes in health-related behaviour among Slovak adolescents aged between 15 and 19: A longitudinal study

Smoking

 

T1%

T2%

Sig.1

model 1 OR

95 % CI

p

model 2 OR

95 % CI

p

model 3 OR

95 % CI

p

Respondents' education level

Grammar

3.0

23.8

0.000

1

 

2

1

 

2

1

  
 

Specialised

18.3

36.4

0.000

7.32

(2.16–24.7)

 

1.85

(1.04–3.20)

 

1.27

(0.69–2.31)

 
 

Apprentice

40.6

50.0

0.064

22.30

(6.63–74.9)

 

3.21

(1.77–5.82)

 

1.34

(0.68–2.66)

 

Current employment status

Student

13.7

31.1

0.000

1

 

2

1

 

2

1

  
 

Employed

31.3

59.4

0.004

2.87

(1.26–6.55)

 

3.23

(1.53–6.88)

 

2.65

(1.15–6.13)

 
 

Unemployed

43.8

50.0

0.481

4.90

(2.66–8.99)

 

2.21

(1.27–3.87)

 

1.11

(0.56–2.18)

 

Parents' highest education level

High

12.7

28.9

0.001

1

 

2

1

 

2

1

  
 

Medium

21.2

39.0

0.000

1.84

(0.93–3.64)

 

1.78

(1.04–2.98)

 

1.57

(0.87–2.82)

 
 

Low

28.8

41.2

0.064

2.77

(1.28–5.98)

 

1.84

(0.96–3.49)

 

1.30

(0.63–2.71)

 

Parents' highest occupational level

High

12.4

27.5

0.000

1

 

2

1

  

1

  
 

Medium

23.0

40.0

0.000

2.11

(1.07–4.13)

 

1.59

(0.93–2.65)

 

1.27

(0.71–2.29)

 
 

Low

24.7

41.1

0.003

2.32

(1.14–4.73)

 

1.72

(0.98–3.03)

 

1.34

(0.71–2.54)

 

Alcohol consumption

 

T1%

T2%

Sig.1

model 1 OR

95 % CI

 

model 2 OR

95 % CI

 

model 3 OR

95 % CI

 

Respondents' education level

Grammar

11.9

26.7

0.000

1

  

1

  

1

  
 

Specialised

14.3

33.8

0.000

1.24

(0.58–2.63)

 

1.40

(0.80–2.43)

 

1.37

(0.78–2.41)

 
 

Apprentice

12.3

37.7

0.000

1.04

(0.44–2.39)

 

1.66

(0.92–3.00)

 

1.68

(0.51–5.58)

 

Current employment status

Student

12.9

29.9

0.000

1

  

1

  

1

  
 

Employed

6.3

46.9

0.000

0.45

(0.10–1.97)

 

2.07

(0.98–4.34)

 

2.25

(0.99–4.77)

 
 

Unemployed

17.2

39.1

0.000

1.40

(0.67–2.95)

 

1.50

(0.85–2.65)

 

1.45

(0.82–2.58)

 

Parents highest education level

High

8.8

32.2

0.000

1

  

1

  

1

  
 

Medium

14.6

31.6

0.000

1.77

(0.80–3.92)

 

1.00

(0.60–1.68)

 

0.94

(0.56–1.59)

 
 

Low

15.1

34.0

0.004

1.83

(0.72–4.68)

 

1.09

(0.58–2.06)

 

1.02

(0.53–1.95)

 

Parents highest occupational level

High

9.9

32.4

0.000

1

  

1

  

1

  
 

Medium

16.2

32.4

0.002

1.75

(0.82–3.71)

 

0.97

(0.58–1.64)

 

0.90

(0.53–1.54)

 
 

Low

9.3

34.2

0.000

0.93

(0.37–2.31)

 

1.08

(0.62–1.91)

 

1.09

(0.62–1.94)

 

Marijuana use

 

T1%

T2%

Sig.1

model 1 OR

95 % CI

 

model 2 OR

95 % CI

 

model 3 OR

95 % CI

 

Respondents' education level

Grammar

1.0

25.7

0.009

1

 

2

1

 

2

1

  
 

Specialised

2.6

39.6

0.000

2.67

(0.29–24.2)

 

1.89

(1.09–3.28)

 

1.84

(1.05–3.22)

 
 

Apprentice

9.4

42.9

0.000

10.42

(1.31–82.9)

 

2.16

(1.20–3.90)

 

1.79

(0.97–3.29)

 

Current employment status

Student

3.8

33.0

0.000

1

  

1

 

2

1

  
 

Employed

3.1

43.8

0.000

0.82

(0.99–4.77)

 

1.58

(0.75–3.33)

 

1.65

(0.77–3.52)

 
 

Unemployed

6.3

49.2

0.000

1.69

(0.51–5.58)

 

1.97

(1.13–3.44)

 

1.93

(1.00–3.43)

 

Parents highest education level

High

2.0

30.6

0.000

1

  

1

  

1

  
 

Medium

5.4

41.2

0.000

2.86

(0.61–13.3)

 

1.53

(0.91–2.55)

 

1.42

(0.84–2.41)

 
 

Low

2.7

35.4

0.000

1.41

(0.19–10.2)

 

1.30

(0.68–2.45)

 

1.28

(0.66–2.45)

 

Parents highest occupational level

High

2.5

30.4

0.000

1

  

1

  

1

  
 

Medium

5.1

40.0

0.000

2.13

(0.54–8.44)

 

1.59

(0.95–2.66)

 

1.52

(0.89–2.58)

 
 

Low

3.1

36.1

0.000

1.26

(0.25–6.36)

 

1.25

(0.70–2.20)

 

1.24

(0.69–2.21)

 

Insufficient physical activity

 

T1%

T2%

Sig.1

model 1 OR

95 % CI

 

model 2 OR

95 % CI

 

model 3 OR

95 % CI

 

Respondents' education level

Grammar

5.0

21.8

0.001

1

 

2

1

  

1

  
 

Specialised

15.6

31.2

0.000

3.55

(1.31–9.63)

 

1.63

(0.91–2.91)

 

1.39

(0.76–2.53)

 
 

Apprentice

14.2

29.5

0.006

3.17

(1.11–9.06)

 

1.50

(0.80–2.83)

 

1.31

(0.68–2.50)

 

Current employment status

Student

11.4

27.0

0.000

1

  

1

  

1

  
 

Employed

15.6

34.4

0.046

1.44

(0.52–4.03)

 

1.42

(0.65–3.09)

 

1.35

(0.60–3.02)

 
 

Unemployed

14.1

29.7

0.031

1.28

(0.57–2.84)

 

1.14

(0.63–2.08)

 

1.10

(0.59–2.05)

 

Parents' highest education level

High

10.8

27.3

0.002

1

  

1

  

1

  
 

Medium

11.4

30.9

0.000

1.06

(0.49–2.30)

 

1.18

(0.69–2.04)

 

1.18

(0.68–2.06)

 
 

Low

15.1

22.9

0.006

1.47

(0.60–3.60)

 

0.91

(0.46–1.81)

 

0.84

(0.41–1.71)

 

Parents' highest occupational level

High

9.9

26.5

0.000

1

  

1

  

1

  
 

Medium

14.0

29.9

0.000

1.48

(0.68–3.18)

 

1.19

(0.69–2.05)

 

1.13

(0.65–1.96)

 
 

Low

11.3

24.7

0.021

1.16

(0.49–2.76)

 

0.79

(0.43–1.47)

 

0.76

(0.40–1.45)

 
  1. 1) McNemar test
  2. 2) text in bold indicate that overall a variable contributes to the logistic model at p < 0.05
  3. Model 1 effect of SEP on HRB at T1; Model 2 effect of SEP on HRB at T2; Model 3 effect of SEP on HRB at T2 controlled for HRB at T1
  4. OR – odds ratio
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