Table 1 Mean of sense of coherence (SOC), age adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95 percent confidence intervals (95% CIs) for drug imbursement due to diabetes during the follow-up of 18 years by confounding variables at baseline in initially healthy male employees
From: Sense of coherence and diabetes: A prospective occupational cohort study
Characteristic | N | Mean of SOC (95% CI) | p-value | No. of diabetes cases | HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at baseline (years) | <0.001 | ||||
=<50 | 5058 | 64.30 (64.00–64.59) | 254 | 1.00 | |
>50 | 769 | 65.90 (65.13–66.65) | 59 | 1.73 (1.30–2.29) | |
Education | <0.001 | ||||
Tertiary | 806 | 67.05 (66.26–67.79) | 40 | 1.00 | |
Secondary | 2728 | 64.46 (64.05–64.87) | 119 | 0.91 (0.63–1.30) | |
Primary | 2293 | 63.67 (63.22–64.11) | 154 | 1.39 (0.98–1.97) | |
Marital status | <0.001 | ||||
Married | 4123 | 65.28 (64.95–65.62) | 226 | 1.00 | |
Not married | 1704 | 62.62 (62.09–63.15) | 87 | 0.99 (0.77–1.28) | |
Psychological distress | <0.001 | ||||
Low | 4437 | 67.36 (67.08–67.64) | 238 | 1.00 | |
High | 1390 | 55.39 (54.89–55.89) | 75 | 1.01 (0.78–1.31) | |
Self-rated health | <0.001 | ||||
Good | 5516 | 64.85 (64.57–65.13) | 282 | 1.00 | |
Poor | 311 | 58.36 (57.17–59.55) | 31 | 1.98 (1.36–2.87) | |
Smoking status | <0.001 | ||||
No | 3696 | 64.77 (64.43–65.12) | 183 | 1.00 | |
Yes | 2131 | 64.04 (63.58–64.50) | 130 | 1.37 (1.09–1.71) | |
Binge drinking* | <0.001 | ||||
No | 4881 | 65.19 (64.90–65.49) | 242 | 1.00 | |
Yes | 946 | 60.95 (60.27–61.63) | 71 | 1.67 (1.28–2.18) | |
Physical activity † | <0.001 | ||||
High or moderate | 3608 | 65.10 (64.75–65.45) | 165 | 1.00 | |
Low | 2219 | 63.54 (63.09–63.99) | 148 | 1.52 (1.22–1.90) |