Table 1 Categorisation of drugs and herbs by main ingredients
Type | Name | Description of ingredients | Number of studies | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Herbal preparations | Yue hua wan | Various combinations of more than 11 Chinese herbs decocted in water | 1 | China [10] |
| Â | Bu pi yang fei bao gan decoction | 11 herbs decocted in water | 1 | China [12] |
| Â | Phytotherapy | Infusions of a combination of herbs (on average 25) tailored to individual patients | 1 | Russia [13] |
Finished manufactured herbal products | Hu gan pian | Tablet including a combination of six ingredients (herbs, animal extract, green bean) | 8 | |
| Â | Silymarin | Extract of milk thistle | 11 | |
| Â | Astragalus | Plant extract given intravenously | 1 | China [33] |
| Â | Astragalus dasyanthus | Tincture containing: coumarins; ferrocoumarins; tanning substances; sugars; saponins; ascorbic acid; flavonoids; phytosterols; tocopherols | 1 | Russia [34] |
| Â | Biphenyldicarboxylate | Tablet with extract of wu wei zi plant | 2 | |
| Â | Biphenyldicarboxylate | Extract of wu wei zi combined with glucurolactone | 1 | China [37] |
| Â | Wu zhi capsule | Capsules with extract of the fruit of the wu wei zi plant | 3 | |
| Â | San shen bao gan capsule | Capsules containing combination of 13 herbs | 1 | China [41] |
| Â | Hugan yi fei granule | Granule containing a combination of 12 herbs | 1 | China [42] |
| Â | Oleanolic acid | Tablet with extract of Swertia herb | 5 | |
| Â | Hugan yao | Exact of Swertia herb combined with inosine and Vit C | 1 | China [48] |
| Â | Dan shen | Injectable preparation of Chinese sage (Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge) | 3 | |
| Â | Stimuliv | Tablets containing a combination of: Andrographis Paniculata; Eclipta alba; Peumas Boldus Molina; Cynara scolymus; Fumaria perviflora | 1 | India [52] |
| Â | Galstena | Chelidonium majus; Taraxacum officinale; Carduus crispus (curled thistle extracted with enthanol) | 1 | Russia [53] |
| Â | Optiliv | Capsules containing extracts of: Andrographis paniculata; Picrorhiza kurroa; Eclipta alba; Boerhaavia diffusia; Azadirachta indica; Swetia chirata; Solanum nigrum; Terminalia arjuna; Aphanamixis rohituka; Terminalia chebula; Furmaria indica; Excipients | 1 | India [11] |
| Â | Glycyrrhizin | Capsules or injection containing extract of liquorice (gan cao) | 6 | |
| Â | Anisodamine | Tablet containing plant extract | 1 | China [60] |
| Â | Spirin or Spirulina | Derived from blue-green algae, contains proteins, vitamins and essential amino acids | 2 | |
| Â | Â | Â | 1 | Ukraine [63] |
Combinations of vitamins and other non-herbal substances | Tiopronin (liu pu luo ning or kai xi lai) | Ramification of Glycine (amino acid) | 17 | |
| Â | Glutathione (GSH) (tai te or a tuo mo lan) | Injectable antioxidant | 5 | |
| Â | ATP | Adenosine Triphosphate | 1 | China [86] |
| Â | Inosine | Inosine combined with vitamin C | 1 | China [87] |
| Â | Essentiale | Vitamin B6, vitamin B12, derivatives of vitamin B3 (nicotinamide), vitamin E and essential phospholipids | 1 | China [88] |
| Â | Gan ning pian | Liver hydrolysate, compounds of vitamin B, inositol, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 | 1 | China [89] |
| Â | Tocopherol acetate | Vitamin E | 1 | Ukraine [90] |
Pharmaceutical preparations | Glucurolactone | Manufactured drug | 3 | |
| Â | Zixoryn | Manufactured drug | 1 | Russia [94] |