Does economic development contribute to sex differences in ischaemic heart disease mortality? Hong Kong as a natural experiment using a case-control study

Table 3 Adjusted odds ratio of IHD and pneumonia mortality in Hong Kong natives compared with migrants from Guangdong by sex and age-group

Cause	Age group	Sex	Migration status	All other deaths as controls				Restricted† deaths as controls
				Model 1		Model 2		Model 1		Model 2
	(years)			OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
IHD	35–64	Men	Migrant from Guangdong	1		1		1		1
			Hong Kong native	1.39	1.03 to 1.88	1.35	1.00 to 1.84	1.40	1.04 to 1.90	1.36	1.00 to 1.85
		Women	Migrant from Guangdong	1		1		1		1
			Hong Kong native	0.71	0.40 to 1.24	0.68	0.38 to 1.21	0.73	0.41 to 1.29	0.70	0.40 to 1.26
	65+	Men	Migrant from Guangdong	1		1		1		1
			Hong Kong native	1.24	1.03 to 1.50	1.19	0.98 to 1.45	1.24	1.03 to 1.50	1.20	0.99 to 1.45
		Women	Migrant from Guangdong	1		1		1		1
			Hong Kong native	0.97	0.80 to 1.19	0.97	0.80 to 1.19	0.96	0.79 to 1.18	0.96	0.79 to 1.18
Pneumonia	35–64	Men	Migrant from Guangdong	1		1
			Hong Kong native	0.94	0.63 to 1.42	1.00	0.66 to 1.52
		Women	Migrant from Guangdong	1		1
			Hong Kong native	0.76	0.40 to 1.46	0.83	0.43 to 1.60
	65+	Men	Migrant from Guangdong	1		1
			Hong Kong native	1.00	0.82 to 1.21	1.00	0.82 to 1.20
		Women	Migrant from Guangdong	1		1
			Hong Kong native	1.01	0.84 to 1.21	0.96	0.80 to 1.15

Model 1 adjusted for age (5 year groups)
Model 2 adjusted for age (5 year groups), education (no formal, primary or secondary), housing type (hut/shared, public estate, self-owned or other), smoking (never, ex-smoker or current smoker), leisure exercise (less than once a month or at least once a month) and alcohol use (ever or never)
† restricted controls are all other deaths, apart from deaths from IHD and cancers of the breast, prostate, ovary and uterus.

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