Sexual uses of alcohol and drugs and the associated health risks: A cross sectional study of young people in nine European cities

Table 2 Relationship between early substance use and early sexual behaviour stratified by gender and European city

	Percentage having had sex under 16 years of age
	Gender				City (Country)
Used under 16	All	Male	Female	P^a	Lisbon Portugal	Palma Spain	Venice Italy	Athens Greece	Ljubljana Slovenia	Prague Czech Republic	Vienna Austria	Berlin Germany	Liverpool UK	P^a
Alcohol
No	14.0	22.6	7.1	***	9.5	12.7	29.4	13.3	15.2	10.3	13.0	22.2	0.0	0.117
Yes	36.2	42.0	30.5	***	30.9	37.0	36.6	33.8	27.5	41.5	49.6	35.6	30.0	*
P	***	***	***		**	***	ns	**	ns	**	***	ns	**
Cannabis
No	19.3	27.3	12.4	***	19.5	19.0	21.7	16.1	17.8	22.5	27.5	18.8	11.5	0.321
Yes	50.0	52.3	47.4	ns	54.5	40.5	45.8	70.6	46.9	47.4	70.6	47.3	43.5	ns
P	***	***	***		***	**	**	***	**	**	***	**	***
Cocaine
No	28.0	34.6	21.9	***	24.5	22.7	29.4	21.1	23.7	34.2	39.6	32.3	25.0	<0.005
Yes	69.0	75.0	61.1	ns	-	66.7	77.8	100.0	75.0	100.0	100.0	80.0	30.0	ns
P	***	***	***		na	*	**	ns	*	ns	**	*	ns
Ecstasy
No	27.2	34.2	20.8	***	23.2	23.6	28.6	21.1	21.6	32.4	39.4	32.3	22.9	<0.005
Yes	77.8	80.8	75.0	ns	75.0	50.0	87.5	-	87.5	77.8	100.0	80.0	63.6	ns
P	***	***	***		*	Ns	**	na	***	*	**	*	**

* p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001; ns = not significant (two-tailed tests)
^aP values compare frequencies within 'substances used under 16' no or yes categories across genders or between countries.
na = not applicable; applied when at least one cross-tabulation category is empty.

ISSN: 1471-2458