Are hygiene and public health interventions likely to improve outcomes for Australian Aboriginal children living in remote communities? A systematic review of the literature

Table 3 Study results – education and handwashing with soap

Study	Outcome	Relative Risk/Incident Density Ratio (95% CI)
Luby, Agboatwalla et al 2004 [50]	Diarrhoea
RCT	Mean Incidence
Quality Score 6^a	Antibiotic Soap	0.50 (0.36, 0.63)
	Plain Soap	0.47 (0.35, 0.59)
Shahid, Greenough et al 1996 [43]	Diarrhoea
CBA	Age groups
Quality Score 1^b	0 – 11 mths	0.39 (0.29, 0.54)
	12–23 mths	0.53 (0.37, 0.77)
	24–59 mths	0.44 (0.34, 0.59)
	6 – 9 yrs	0.27 (0.19, 0.37)
	10 – 14 yrs	0.28 (0.16, 0.49)
	Over 15 yrs	0.38 (0.30, 0.49)
	All	0.38 (0.33, 0.43)
Wilson, Chandler et al 1991 [51]	Diarrhoea
CBA	Children <11yrs	0.21 (0.08, 0.53)^c
Quality Score 3^b	Skin/Eye Disease
	Children <11yrs	2.54^d
Han, Hlaing et al 1988, 1989 [36]	Ascaris
RCT	Children 36–59mths	1.0^d
Quality Score 4^a	Diarrhoea
	<2yrs	0.69 (0.48, 1.01)^e
	≥ 2yrs	0.67 (0.45, 0.98)^e
	All children <5yrs	0.70 (0.54, 0.92)^f
	Dysentery
	<2yrs	0.59 (0.22, 1.55)
	≥ 2yrs	1.21 (0.52, 2.80)
	All children <5yrs	0.93 (0.39, 2.23)

^aMaximum score for RCT 7; ^bMaximum Score for CBA 6; ^cCI taken from Systematic Review data Fewtrell and Colford [71]; ^dNo confidence intervals provided; ^eP < 0.05; ^fP < 0.01.

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