Table 2 Comparison of psychological, social environment, and life event characteristics of suicides and controls and unadjusted parameter estimatesa
From: Suicide among adults aged 30–49: A psychological autopsy study in Hong Kong
Cases 1 (N = 85) | Control 1 (N = 85) | Odd Ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Negative Life Events | |||
Severity of Acute Negative Life Events b | |||
Relationship | 0.23 ± 0.79 | 0.01 ± 0.05 | 3.65 (0.72–18.52) |
Family | 0.02 ± 0.16 | 0.03 ± 0.16 | 0.92 (0.71–1.21) |
Work or school | 0.01 ± 0.06 | 0.05 ± 0.23 | 0.73 (0.43–1.24) |
Physical health | 0.08 ± 0.46 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 50.13 (0.14–17684.07) |
Legal issues | 0.00 ± 0.02 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 2.75 (0.64–20.34) |
Severity of Chronic Negative Life Events c | |||
Relationship | 0.18 ± 0.54 | 0.09 ± 0.26 | 1.29 (0.90–1.86) |
Family | 0.13 ± 0.34 | 0.11 ± 0.38 | 1.03 (0.83–1.26) |
Work or school | 0.35 ± 0.78 | 0.16 ± 0.42 | 1.45 (0.98–2.13) |
Physical health | 0.08 ± 0.24 | 0.06 ± 0.28 | 1.13 (0.82–1.54) |
Legal issues | 0.10 ± 0.47 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 1.17 (0.85–1.45) |
Sociological variables | |||
Family Relationships | |||
Level of expressed emotions | 19.97 ± 3.97 | 17.75 ± 2.42 | 2.06 (1.41–3.00)** |
Extra-marital affairsd | 4(7.69) | 2(2.99) | 3.02 (0.53–17.23) |
Interpersonal Relationships | |||
Size of social support network | 3.93 ± 2.96 | 7.35 ± 22.67 | 0.22 (0.03–1.43) |
Frequency of social support | 7.24 ± 5.19 | 8.50 ± 3.89 | 0.75 (0.54–1.06) |
Social Support Content | 3.34 ± 0.86 | 3.84 ± 0.33 | 0.30 (0.16–0.53)** |
Psychiatric Conditions | |||
Psychiatric diagnosis | 69(81.18) | 10(11.76) | 32.34 (13.75–76.06)** |
Mood disorders | 43(50.59) | 10(11.76) | 7.67 (3.50–16.83)** |
Depression Score | 23.10 ± 17.00 | 0.52 ± 2.80 | 91.44 (12.20–686.70)** |
Ever received some kind of emotional treatment | 38(44.71) | 4(4.71) | 16.52 (5.54–49.25)** |
Ever received psychiatric treatment | 27(31.76) | 2(2.35) | 30.43 (6.98–132.72)** |
Presence of chronic physical illness | 22(25.88) | 9(10.59) | 2.99 (1.29–6.98) |
Psychological Conditions | |||
Impulsivity | 4.58 ± 4.37 | 1.25 ± 1.52 | 5.31 (2.68–10.51)** |
Social problem solving skills | 20.60 ± 8.41 | 27.10 ± 5.89 | 0.38 (0.26–0.56)** |
Healthy living styles | 12.56 ± 3.74 | 15.01 ± 2.85 | 0.45 (0.31–0.65)** |