Table 1

Demographic factors

Age

Age at last birthday

Continuous variable

Sex (gender)

Sex of the respondent

Dichotomous (male, female)

Educational attainment

Did you attend any school?

Discrete: (none, primary,

If yes, what is the highest level of school you attended?

secondary/higher)

Literacy in English language

What languages can you read with understanding?

Dichotomous (English, others)

Economic status

Type of dwelling structure

Discrete: Wealth index scale tertiles (high, middle, low)

Which of these items do you have in your household? (list included household goods such as fridge, radio, television, fan, car, and selected agricultural assets such as cows and goats)

What is your main source of water for domestic use?

What is your main method for sewage disposal?

Community factors

Location

Rural or urban locality as designated by the National Population Commission

Dichotomous (rural, urban)

Region

State of resident of the respondent at the time of data collection, classified into one of the six national geo-political zones – North-Central, North East, North West, South East, South South, South West

Dichotomous (North, South)

Media exposure

How often do you listen to radio: every day, almost every day, at least once a week, less than once a week or not at all?

Dichotomous (every day or almost every day, others)

How often do you watch television: every day, almost every day, at least once a week, less than once a week or not at all?

Dichotomous (every day or almost every day, others)

b: List of variables and how they were measured: psychosocial factors

Psychosocial factors

Religiosity

How important is religion to you in helping you deal with problems?

Dichotomous (very important, others)

How often do you attend religious congregational services?

Dichotomous (at least once a week, less than once weekly).

Alcohol use

During the last 4 weeks how often have you had drinks containing alcohol?

Dichotomous (had alcoholic drinks at least once, no drink at all)

Attitude toward premarital sex

Do you think that there is a need for young persons to delay the age at which they start sex?

Dichotomous (yes, no)

Family planning accessibility

Is (each of the following types of contraceptives – daily oral pills, after sex oral pills/emergency contraception, injectable contraceptives, IUD/Coil) affordable?

Scale

Is (each of the following types of contraceptives – daily oral pills, after sex oral pills/emergency contraception, injectable contraceptives, IUD/Coil) easy to obtain?

Family planning attitudes

Do you agree or disagree with the following statements:

Scale

• Family planning (FP) encourages women to be promiscuous

• FP encourages young people to be loose

• Condoms encourage male infidelity

• Use of FP can lead to infertility

• FP cause cancer or other diseases

Condom norm

Do you think the following support or do not support young people using condoms to protect themselves from HIV and STIs if they are sexually active?

Scale

• Relatives

• Community leaders

• Parents

• Friends

• Religious leaders

• Other young persons

• Health workers

Condom efficacy

Do you agree or disagree with the following statements:

Scale

• Male condoms protect against unplanned pregnancy

• Male condoms protect against the virus that causes AIDS

• Male condoms protect against diseases that are transmitted through sexual intercourse

Condom access

• Would you say male condoms are affordable?

Scale

• Do you agree or disagree that male condoms are easy to obtain?

• From which places or persons do you know of where you can obtain male condoms?

HIV prevention knowledge

What can a person do to avoid getting the virus that causes AIDS?

Scale

• Staying with one faithful uninfected partner

• Using condoms every time

• Abstaining from sex

• Delaying the onset of sexual intercourse

• Avoiding sex with commercial sex workers

• Reducing number of sexual partners

• Avoiding sex with people who have many sexual partners

• Avoid sharing of sharp objects like needles, razors

Gender attitude

Is a husband justified in beating his wife in the following situations?

Scale

• if she neglects the children

• if she argues with him

• if she goes out without telling husband

• if the food is not ready on time

• if he feels she is unfaithful

• if she refuses sex with husband

Sexuality communication

How comfortable or uncomfortable would you feel talking about sexual matters to the following?

Scale

• father

• mother

• brother

• sisters

• teachers

• religious leaders