Table 4 determinants of involvement of pain specialist in hospital by selected characteristics.
| Â | 1998 Italian cancer deaths 1 | Followed in hospital by a specialist in pain | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Â | N. | % 3 | (95%CI) |
AGE AT DEATH (years) | Â | Â | Â |
   18–54 | 7,599 | 41.5 | (24.9 – 60.3) |
   55–64 | 14,449 | 29.2 | (20.4 – 40.0) |
   65–74 | 29,585 | 16.0 | (11.5 – 22.0) |
   75–84 | 33,982 | 17.0 | (11.4 – 24.2) |
   85+ | 12,999 | 11.4 | (6.2 – 20.2) |
| Â | Â | P < 0.01 | |
GENDER | Â | Â | Â |
   Males | 60,469 | 19.1 | (13.9 – 25.6) |
   Females | 38,144 | 20.5 | (14.6 – 28.0) |
| Â | Â | P = 0.74 | |
EDUCATION (years) | Â | Â | Â |
   ≤ 5 | 65,804 | 16.7 | (12.0 – 22.8) |
   6–9 | 15,114 | 22.2 | (15.3 – 30.9) |
   10+ | 17,696 | 28.2 | (19.5 – 39.0) |
| Â | Â | P = 0.01 | |
MARITAL STATUS | Â | Â | Â |
   Single 2 | 34,554 | 20.0 | (14.2 – 27.6) |
   Married | 63,130 | 18.9 | (15.0 – 23.6) |
| Â | Â | P = 0.72 | |
PLACE OF RESIDENCE | Â | Â | Â |
   North West | 31,869 | 24.6 | (19.8 – 30.1) |
   North East | 24,208 | 13.3 | (7.9 – 21.6) |
   Center | 22,716 | 22.3 | (13.3 – 25.0) |
   South and islands | 19,821 | 16.3 | (6.6 – 34.7) |
| Â | Â | P = 0.12 | |
PRIMARY TUMOR | Â | Â | Â |
   Head and neck | 1,880 | 14.8 | (5.8 – 32.9) |
   Digestive system | 40,314 | 19.8 | (14.8 – 25.9) |
   Respiratory system | 22,144 | 21.9 | (14.2 – 32.2) |
   Breast | 7,205 | 13.4 | (6.3 – 26.1) |
   Genitourinary system | 12,311 | 23.3 | (14.2 – 35.8) |
   Haematological | 7,387 | 15.7 | (5.9 – 35.7) |
   Others and unspecified | 7,371 | 16.9 | (9.5 – 28.4) |
| Â | Â | P = 0.54 | |
MONTHS SINCE DIAGNOSIS | Â | Â | Â |
   1–3 | 25,833 | 17.4 | (11.9 – 24.8) |
   4–6 | 12,041 | 19.2 | (11.8 – 29.8) |
   7–12 | 16,624 | 18.8 | (10.9 – 30.4) |
   13–36 | 23,213 | 19.6 | (13.4 – 27.8) |
   > 36 | 18,304 | 24.8 | (16.8 – 35.0) |
| Â | Â | P = 0.21 | |
ADMISSION'S WARD | Â | Â | Â |
   Surgery | 20,547 | 21.1 | (14.9 – 29.0) |
   Medicine | 55,237 | 19.1 | (14.0 – 25.6) |
   Oncology-Hematology | 13,815 | 21.9 | (13.5 – 33.5) |
   Other | 9,014 | 15.6 | (7.9 – 28.7) |
| Â | Â | P = 0.81 | |
NUMBER OF COHABITANTS | Â | Â | Â |
   None | 7,178 | 12.8 | (6.2 – 24.7) |
   1 | 37,988 | 18.9 | (14.0 – 25.1) |
   2 | 22,412 | 20.9 | (12.5 – 32.8) |
   3+ | 20,797 | 18.5 | (11.7 – 28.1) |
| Â | Â | P = 0.58 | |
CAREGIVER (relationship) | Â | Â | Â |
   Spouse – partner | 28,795 | 19.3 | (13.0 – 27.7) |
   Child | 44,759 | 17.0 | (12.5 – 22.8) |
   Others | 14,820 | 23.5 | (15.0 – 34.2) |
| Â | Â | P = 0.45 | |
CAREGIVER'S AGE | Â | Â | Â |
   18–44 | 28,797 | 22.6 | (16.9 – 29.4) |
   45–54 | 23,331 | 20.4 | (14.2 – 28.4) |
   55–64 | 20,080 | 20.5 | (12.9 – 31.0) |
   65–74 | 16,040 | 13.6 | (7.3 – 24.1) |
   75+ | 6,127 | 19.2 | (8.5 – 37.9) |
| Â | Â | P = 0.17 | |
CAREGIVER'S GENDER | Â | Â | Â |
   Males | 26,679 | 22.8 | (17.4 – 29.2) |
   Females | 61,695 | 17.1 | (12.5 – 22.9) |
| Â | Â | P = 0.13 | |
CAREGIVER'S EDUCATION | Â | Â | Â |
   ≤ 5 | 23,879 | 12.3 | (7.9 – 18.4) |
   6–9 | 19,490 | 16.2 | (8.7 – 28.4) |
   10+ | 41,114 | 24.5 | (18.5 – 31.8) |
| Â | Â | P < 0.01 | |
TOTAL | 98,614 | 19.6 | (15.5 – 24.5) |