Perceptions of the neighbourhood environment and self rated health: a multilevel analysis of the Caerphilly Health and Social Needs Study

Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) of reporting poor health

	OR	95% CI	p
Model 1: Socio-demographics ⁽¹⁾
Gender (female)
Male	1.10	0.99–1.21	0.075
Age	1.02	1.02–1.03	<0.001
Social class (I & II)
III NM	1.07	0.93–1.24	0.352
III M	1.32	1.15–1.52	<0.001
IV & V	1.40	1.23–1.60	<0.001
Other	1.46	1.16–1.83	0.001
Employment status (employed)
Unemployed	1.45	1.10–1.90	0.008
Retired	2.32	2.01–2.68	<0.001
Disabled	18.55	15.56–22.11	<0.001
Other	1.51	1.27–1.80	<0.001
Household tenure (Homeowner)
Non-homeowner	1.57	1.39–1.76	<0.001
Model 2a: Unadjusted ^{(2 3)}
Access to amenities	1.13	1.08–1.19	<0.001
Neighbourhood quality	1.33	1.27–1.39	<0.001
Neighbourhood disorder	1.25	1.19–1.32	<0.001
Social cohesion	1.14	1.08–1.20	<0.001
Deprivation	1.35	1.29–1.42	<0.001
Model 2b: Adjusted for socio-demographics ^{(2 3)}
Access to amenities	1.10	1.04–1.15	<0.001
Neighbourhood quality	1.20	1.14–1.26	<0.001
Neighbourhood disorder	1.13	1.07–1.19	<0.001
Social cohesion	1.09	1.04–1.14	<0.001
Deprivation	1.19	1.13–1.25	<0.001
Model 2c: Adjusted for socio-demographics and deprivation ⁽²³⁾
Access to amenities	1.07	1.02–1.12	0.004
Neighbourhood quality	1.13	1.07–1.20	<0.001
Neighbourhood disorder	1.05	1.00–1.11	0.059
Social cohesion	1.04	0.99–1.09	0.110

(1) Reference groups are given in brackets.
(2) The neighbourhood measures were included as z-scores, with higher values representing a more negative evaluation.
(3) The odds ratios are expressed for each SD increase.

ISSN: 1471-2458