Table 1 Characteristics of the study participants according to residential and individual exposure to the Prestige oil-spill
Residential exposure | Individual exposure | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Interior (n = 1350) | Coast (n = 1350) | Unaffected (n = 865) | Slightly affected (n = 1408) | Seriously affected (n = 427) | ||||||||
N | % | N | % | p | N | % | N | % | N | % | p | |
Sex | 0.878 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
Men | 684 | 50.7 | 688 | 51.0 | 437 | 50.5 | 671 | 47.7 | 264 | 61.8 | ||
Women | 666 | 49.3 | 662 | 49.0 | 428 | 49.5 | 737 | 52.3 | 163 | 38.2 | ||
Age (years) | 0.948 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
18–29 | 408 | 30.2 | 405 | 30.0 | 213 | 24.6 | 469 | 33.3 | 131 | 30.7 | ||
30–44 | 482 | 35.7 | 477 | 35.3 | 283 | 32.7 | 514 | 36.5 | 162 | 37.9 | ||
45–60 | 460 | 34.1 | 468 | 34.7 | 369 | 42.7 | 425 | 30.2 | 134 | 31.4 | ||
Education (age of termination) | < 0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
No formal education | 82 | 6.1 | 190 | 14.3 | 96 | 11.2 | 117 | 8.4 | 59 | 14.2 | ||
< 15 years | 627 | 46.7 | 582 | 43.9 | 445 | 51.8 | 593 | 42.5 | 171 | 41.2 | ||
16–19 years | 343 | 25.5 | 318 | 24.0 | 190 | 22.1 | 358 | 25.7 | 113 | 27.2 | ||
>19 non-university | 181 | 13.5 | 147 | 11.1 | 72 | 8.4 | 211 | 15.1 | 45 | 10.8 | ||
University | 110 | 8.2 | 89 | 6.7 | 56 | 6.5 | 116 | 8.3 | 27 | 6.5 | ||
Work status | < 0.001 | 0.004 | ||||||||||
Workers, students or housewives | 1178 | 87.3 | 1076 | 79.8 | 747 | 86.4 | 1155 | 82.1 | 352 | 82.4 | ||
Unemployed or first-time job-seekers | 104 | 7.7 | 161 | 11.9 | 57 | 6.6 | 161 | 11.5 | 47 | 11.0 | ||
Retirees and pensioners | 68 | 5.0 | 111 | 8.2 | 61 | 7.1 | 90 | 6.4 | 28 | 6.6 | ||
Occupation: fishing | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||||||||
Yes | 1 | 0.1 | 152 | 17.2 | 5 | 0.9 | 26 | 2.8 | 122 | 37.3 | ||
No | 937 | 98.5 | 718 | 81.4 | 566 | 97.9 | 892 | 96.1 | 197 | 60.2 | ||
Tobacco | < 0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||||||
Never smoker | 851 | 63.0 | 667 | 49.4 | 548 | 63.6 | 793 | 56.4 | 177 | 42.0 | ||
Ex-smoker | 127 | 9.4 | 174 | 12.9 | 81 | 9.4 | 158 | 11.2 | 62 | 14.7 | ||
Current smoker | 366 | 27.1 | 502 | 37.2 | 232 | 26.9 | 454 | 32.3 | 182 | 43.2 | ||
Hours of sleep daily | <0.001 | 0.002 | ||||||||||
< 7 hours | 174 | 12.9 | 239 | 17.7 | 132 | 15.3 | 190 | 13.5 | 91 | 21.3 | ||
7 – 9 hours | 931 | 69.0 | 929 | 68.8 | 585 | 67.6 | 1001 | 71.09 | 274 | 64.2 | ||
> 9 hours | 245 | 18.1 | 182 | 13.5 | 148 | 17.1 | 217 | 15.4 | 62 | 14.5 | ||
Reported morbidity | ||||||||||||
Arterial hypertension | 119 | 8.8 | 96 | 7.1 | 0.103 | 80 | 9.3 | 107 | 7.6 | 28 | 6.6 | 0.189 |
Hypercholesterolemia | 135 | 10.0 | 125 | 9.3 | 0.518 | 94 | 10.9 | 126 | 9.0 | 40 | 9.4 | 0.322 |
Diabetes mellitus | 31 | 2.3 | 51 | 3.8 | 0.025 | 32 | 3.7 | 34 | 2.4 | 16 | 3.8 | 0.147 |
Asthma or bronchitis | 35 | 2.6 | 62 | 4.6 | 0.005 | 25 | 2.9 | 51 | 3.6 | 21 | 4.9 | 0.183 |
Heart diseases | 35 | 2.6 | 37 | 2.8 | 0.809 | 22 | 2.5 | 40 | 2.9 | 10 | 2.3 | 0.819 |
Stomach ulcer | 31 | 2.3 | 24 | 1.8 | 0.342 | 16 | 1.9 | 30 | 2.1 | 9 | 2.1 | 0.891 |
Allergy | 99 | 7.4 | 126 | 9.4 | 0.059 | 56 | 6.5 | 122 | 8.7 | 47 | 11.0 | 0.017 |
Cancer | 4 | 0.3 | 5 | 0.4 | 0.738 | 0 | 0.0 | 6 | 0.4 | 3 | 0.7 | 0.036 |
Anxiety, distress, nerves | 102 | 7.6 | 94 | 7.0 | 0.557 | 63 | 7.3 | 107 | 7.6 | 26 | 6.1 | 0.568 |
Depression | 61 | 4.5 | 78 | 5.8 | 0.137 | 52 | 6.0 | 68 | 4.9 | 19 | 4.5 | 0.364 |
Insomnia | 62 | 4.6 | 58 | 4.3 | 0.712 | 46 | 5.3 | 58 | 4.1 | 16 | 3.8 | 0.305 |
Residential exposure | <0.001 | |||||||||||
Interior | 689 | 79.7 | 648 | 46.0 | 13 | 3.0 | ||||||
Coast | 176 | 20.4 | 760 | 54.0 | 414 | 97.0 | ||||||